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Multi Threading
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Introduction :

Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple

threads simultaneously.
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Thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, a smallest
unit of processing. Multiprocessing and multithreading,
both are used toClass
achieveand Object
multitasking

A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that

can run concurrently. Each part of such a program is called
a thread, and each thread defines a separate path of
execution.
 Multitasking:

Multitasking is a process of executing multiple

tasks simultaneously. We use5multitasking to
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utilize the CPU.

Multitasking Class
can be and Object
achieved by two ways:

1.Process-based Multitasking(Multiprocessing)

2.Thread-based Multitasking(Multithreading)
 Process-based multitasking
A process is a program that is executing.
Thus, process-based multitasking is the feature that allows
your computer to runSESSION
two or more5programs concurrently.
In process-based multitasking, a program is the smallest
unit of code that can be dispatched by the scheduler.
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Processes are heavyweight tasks that require their own
separate address spaces.

Inter-process communication is expensive and limited.

Context switching from one process to another is also
costly.
Thread-based multitasking

In a thread-based multitasking environment, the

thread is the smallest
SESSIONunit of
5 dispatchable code.
This means that a single program can perform
two or more tasks simultaneously.
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For instance, a text editor can format text at the
same time that it is printing, as long as these two
actions are being performed by two separate
threads.
Thread-based multitasking-cont…
Multitasking threads require less overhead than
multitasking processes.
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Multitasking threads share the same address space and
cooperatively share the same heavyweight process.
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Inter-thread communication is inexpensive.
Context switching from one thread to the next is low
cost.

Multithreaded multitasking is under the control of Java.

Benefits of Multithreading

Multithreading enables you to write very efficient

programs that make maximum use of the CPU,
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because idle time can be kept to a minimum.

This is especially
Classimportant for the interactive,
and Object
networked environment in which Java operates,
because idle time is common.

Multithreading lets you gain access to this idle time

and put it to good use.
Life cycle of a Thread(Thread States)

thread states are as follows:

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New
Runnable
Running Class and Object
Non-Runnable (Blocked)
Terminated
Thread states

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Class and Object

The Main Thread
When a Java program starts up, one thread begins
running immediately. This is usually called the main
thread of your program, because
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executed when your program begins.

The main threadClass and Object

is important for two reasons:
It is the thread from which other “child” threads will be
spawned.

It must be the last thread to finish execution because it

performs various shutdown actions.
Creating a Thread

Create a thread by instantiating an object of

type Thread. SESSION 5

Java defines two ways in which this can be

accomplished:Class and Object

1. implement the Runnable interface.

2. extend the Thread class

Implementing Runnable

The easiest way to create a thread is to create a class

that implements theSESSION 5
Runnable interface.

Runnable abstracts a unit of executable code.

Class and Object
construct a thread on any object that implements
Runnable.
Using Runnable interface

To implement Runnable, a class need only implement a

single method called run( ), which is declared like this:
public void run( ) SESSION 5

Inside run( ), you will define the code that constitutes

the new thread.Class and Object
After you create a class that implements Runnable, you
will instantiate an object of type Thread from within
that class.
Practice and exercise programs

1. CurrentThreadDemo.java
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2. ThreadDemo.java 5
3. MultiThreadDemo.java
4. DemoJoin.java
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