Realize the Value of doing

philosophy in obtaining a broad

perspective on life Competency #1.3
OBJECTIVES:
The students/you are able to:
1. Value of doing philosophy in obtaining a
broad perspective on life
2. touch upon a diverse array of topics and
disciplines under philosophy .
3. understand the meaning of doing philosophy
4. reflects on a concrete experience in
philosophical way
 RECAP:
WHAT IS
PHILOSOPHY?
TEACHER
•analytic procedure of
addressing individual
thought process
 • Philosophy literally "love
(philos) of wisdom (sophia)"
is the study uses human
reason to investigate ultimate
causes, reasons and
principles
 who were the people
engage in philosophy?
 A philosopher
• is someone who practices
philosophy. The term
"philosopher" comes from the
Ancient Greek, φιλόσοφος
(philosophos), meaning "lover
of wisdom".
what characteristics
should a philosopher
possess?
• not satisfied with figuring
the answer to a question
• he seeks to continue to
careful investigation of something
question, to probe and
discuss in order to get the
bottom of things
 In the classical sense, a
philosopher was someone who
lived according to a certain way
of life, focusing on resolving
existential questions about
the human condition
• What is real?
• Are we able to perceive and understand
reality and everything in it?
• How do we know what we know?
• Are the things that we know true?
• What is the ultimate cause of all things?
• What is our purpose in this world?
• To what extent are our choices and actions
considered free?
 In Greeks, they became
pioneers in various fields
of knowledge such as
history, biology, medicine,
mathematics, astronomy
and even physics.
HISTORY-notable ancient Greek
philosophers
IN THE YEAR
OF OUR LORD
 1- notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)
• mathematician and scientist
• credited with formulating
Pythagorean theorem
• established a community of learners
devoted to study religion and philosophy
Pythagoras (570 BCE to
495 BCE)
formulating Pythagorean
theorem
a +b =c
2 2 2
Pythagoras (570 BCE to
495 BCE)

a2 b
2

c2
Pythagoras (570 BCE to
495 BCE)
Pythagoras (570 BCE to
495 BCE)
a +b =c
2 2 2

4 +3 =5
2 2 2

16+9= 25
5
4
3
 a +b =c
2 2 2

12 +5 =13
2 2 2

144+25= 169
a +b =c
2 2 2

x+10=25 or
x+10 = 25
x= 25 - 10
x = 15
15+10= 25
a +b =c
2 2 2

a+7=25
a=25-7
a=18
18+7=25
Pythagoras
2- Heraclitus (535 BCE
to 475 BCE)
stressed the need for
people to live together
in social harmony.
2- Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475
BCE)
most people failed to comprehend
the logos (Greek: “reason”), the
universal principle through which
all things are interrelated and all
natural events occur
logos
humans unable to
understand it, both
before hearing it and
when they have first
heard it
Heraclitus (535 BCE to
475 BCE)
Change is permanent
aspect of the human
condition “No man ever
steps in the same river
twice”
Pythagoras

Heraclitus
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Socrates (470 BCE to 399
BCE)
Socratic Method-
devising a series of
questions to examine a
topic
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Socrates (470 BCE to 399
BCE)
designed to force one to
examine one's own
beliefs and the validity
of such beliefs.
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
INTERVIEWING
QUESTIONING
INTERROGATING
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
WHO WERE
THE FIRST THREE
PHILOSOPHERS IN ORDER?
TEACHER
Pythagoras Socrates

Heraclitus
TEACHER
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
WHAT ARE THE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
THE FIRST THREE
PHILOSOPHERS?
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Pythagoras- Pythagorean
theorem (a2+b2=c2)
Heraclitus-logos; no man can
ever step the river twice
Socrates- socratic method;
devise series of question
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
4- Democritus (460 BCE to
370 BCE)
father of modern
science
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)
studied on the causes of natural
phenomena
Weather, fog, thunder, tornadoes; biological processes,
decomposition, germination; physical processes, wave
propagation, erosion; tidal flow, and natural disasters such
as electromagnetic pulses, volcanic eruptions, and
earthquakes.
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)
He was among the first to
propose that everything is
composed of tiny particles called
atoms
Democritus (460 BCE to
370 BCE)

We are learning.
Democritus (460 BCE to
370 BCE)

We are learning.
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)

We are learning.
atoms
molecules
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)

water =
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
water
-
molecule =
h2o or
hydrogen
+ +
plus oxygen
notable ancient Greek
philosophers

Electrons (-)
Pythagoras Socrates

Democritus
Heraclitus
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
1-MOLECULES IS COMPOSED OF
ATOMS
2-PROTONS;POSITIVE CHARGE,
NEUTRONS; NEUTRAL CHARGE,
ELECTRONS; NEGATIVE CHARGE
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
WHAT IS THE
CONTRIBUTION OF
DEMOCRITUS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE?
TEACHER
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
5-Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)
innovator of the written dialogue and
dialectic forms
founder of Western political philosophy,
with his Republic and Laws
 Plato
Pythagoras Socrates

Democritus
Heraclitus
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
6- Diogenes of Sinope (412
BCE to 323 BCE)
advocate of living a simple and
virtuous life
not only talk of virtue but should
show in words and actions
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
6- Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to
323 BCE)
debasement of currency
 Plato
Pythagoras Socrates

Democritus
Heraclitus
Diogenes of Sinope
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
7-Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)
Aristotle's epistemology is based on the
study of things that exist or happen in the world
"natural philosophy" is a branch of philosophy
examining the phenomena of the natural world
science carries a different meaning than that
covered by the term "scientific method"
 7-Aristotle (384 BCE to 322
BCE)
• The soul’s very essence is defined by
its relationship to an organic structure. A
soul, Aristotle says, is “the actuality of
a body that has life,” where life means
the capacity for self-sustenance, growth,
and reproduction.
• Plants have a vegetative or nutritive soul,
which consists of the powers of growth, nutrition, and
reproduction.
• Animals have, in addition, the powers of perception
and locomotion—they possess a sensitive soul,
– Whatever can feel at all can feel pleasure; hence, animals,
which have senses, also have desires.
• Humans, in addition, have the power of reason and
thought (logismos kai dianoia), which may be called a
rational soul.
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
WHO WERE
THE SEVEN PHILOSOPHERS
IN ORDER?
 Aristotle
Plato
Pythagoras Socrates

Heraclitus Democritus
Diogenes of Sinope
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
8- Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)
enable man to live a life of
happiness
believes that wisdom will result in a
life free of fear (ataraxia)and pain
(aponia)
 notable ancient Greek
philosophers
the root of all human neurosis is
death denial, and the tendency for
human beings to assume that
death will be horrific and painful.
TEACHER
 Aristotle
Plato
Pythagoras Socrates

Heraclitus Democritus
Diogenes of Sinope
Epicurus
Who is your favorite
philosopher? Why?
TEACHER
 QUIZ
• Get 1/4 sheet of paper
• You are given 30 seconds to answer a
question
• Time will be lessen if the professor sees
students copying
• Erasure will serve as incorrect response
 QUIZ

Ready??
 QUIZ
1.Who were the
people engage in
philosophy?
 QUIZ
What charcteristics
should a philosopher
possess?
 QUIZ
Who formulated the
equation a2 +b2= c2
 QUIZ
He stated that all things
are interrelated and
change is permanent
 QUIZ
He was the father of
modern science
 QUIZ
WHo is the founder of
Western Political philosophy
with his Republic and Laws
 QUIZ
He stated that human
beings assume that
death will be horific
and painful
 QUIZ
He advocated the living
of a simple and
virtuous life
 QUIZ
Animal has a
______soul
 QUIZ
First to propose that
matter is composed of
tiny particles called
atoms
• According to this theory of Forms there are at least two
worlds: the apparent world of concrete objects, grasped
by the senses, which constantly changes, and an
unchanging and unseen world of Forms or abstract
objects, grasped by pure reason (λογική). which ground
what is apparent.

• It can also be said there are three worlds, with the

apparent world consisting of both the world of material
objects and of mental images, with the "third realm"
• HOTS
Answers
 PYTHAGORAS
Who formulated
the equation
a +b =c
2 2 2
 PLATO
Who is the founder of
Western political
philosophy, with his
Republic and Laws
 EPICURUS
He stated that human
beings to assume that
death will be horrific and
painful
 DIOGENES OF SINOPE
He advocated the
living of a simple and
virtuous life
 DEMOCRITUS
first to propose that
matter is composed of
tiny particles called
atoms
ASSIGNMENT
 Answer the questions:
What is the difference of
holistic and partial thinking?