MUSIC OF

MINDANAO
 ABOUT
MINDANAO
MINDANA
O
• Second largest island of the Philippines
• At the southern end of the archipelago

Culture
• Consists of mostly MUSLIM or MORO people.
• It also composed of ethnic group

Ethnic Group
• Maranao,Tausug, Banguingi and indigenous tribe
• Known as Lumad.
 SARIMANOK

Mangosteen MARAWI

Pacquiao

Philippine
Eagle
 2. ILANUN
1.Badjao Tribe - Sulu TRIBE -
SULU

4.Maguindanao
3. Jama Mapun Tribe – Cotabato,
Tribe - Sulu SK
5.MARANAO TRIBE - 6. Samal
LANAO, BUKIDNON Tribe - Sulu

7. Tausug 8. Yakan Tribe -

Tribe - Sulu basilan
 a lyrical rendition
of different improvised
text.
YAKANS FAMOUS CHANTS:
a) LUGU – use in reading Qur’an and other
books for islam religion
b) KALANGAN – serenading love ones
c) SA-IL / LUNSEY – sung during the
ceremony by the wife-to-be
MARANAO’S VOCAL REPERTOIRE:

a) DIKKER – sacred songs highlighted by

qoutations from the qur’an
b) BAYOK – semi-generic term for a lyrical
rendition of different improvised text.
 a chant style or chant
formula use in rocking a baby to
sleep.
a)YA-YA – song of the yakan, sung in
a relax/slow manner, soft and
soothing while rocking the baby.
b)BAYOK – maranao term for lullaby.
 ACTIVITY
DIRECTION: This time, watch and listen to the
musical example. Try to focus on the musical
elements as you listen to the vocal tone, melodic
lines, and rhythm of the song, texture and form.
Describe how the instruments were used to achieve
the same effect as to how “functional” music was
used during the olden times in relation to his/her
social gatherings/rituals as well as how they
described his/her unique tradition.
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

1 : MELODY
2 : RHYTHM
3 : TEXTURE
4 : FORM
 MELODY
• CONJUNCT
MELODY
Melody is the (smooth; easy to sing
LINEAR/HORIZONTAL or play)
presentation of pitch (the word
used to describe the highness • DISJUNCT
or lowness of a musical sound). (disjointedly ragged
Many famous musical
compositions have a memorable or jumpy; difficult to
melody or theme. sing or play).
THEME: a melody that is the
basis for an extended musical
work
 RHYTHM
Rhythm is the element of "TIME" in music. When you tap your foot to
the music, you are "keeping the beat" or following the structural
rhythmic pulse of the music. There are several important aspects of
rhythm:
 TEXTURE
1) MONOPHONIC (SINGLE-NOTE) TEXTURE: Music with only one note
sounding at a time (having no harmony or accompaniment).
2) HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE: Music with two or more notes sounding
at a the same time, but generally featuring a prominent melody in
the upper part, supported by a less intricate harmonic
accompaniment underneath (often based on homogenous
chords—BLOCKS of sound).
3) POLYPHONIC TEXTURE: Music with two or more independent
melodies sounding at the same time. The most intricate types of
polyphonic texture— canon and fugue—may introduce three, four,
five or more independent melodies simultaneously! This manner
of writing is called COUNTERPOINT.
4) IMITATIVE TEXTURE: Imitation is a special type of polyphonic
texture produced whenever a musical idea is ECHOED from
"voice" to "voice". Although imitation can be used in monophonic
styles, it is more prevalent in polyphonic art-music— especially
from the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
 FORM
1.BASIC FORMS (more sophisticated forms will be
covered later in this book) Strophic Form: a design in
VOCAL music, in which the same music is used for several
different verses (strophes) of words. [Example: "Deck the
Halls" has many verses of words sung to the same music.]
2.THROUGH-COMPOSED a structure in which there is
no repeat or return of any large-scale musical section.
[Example: Schubert's "Erlkönig".]
3.BINARY FORM a two-part form in which both main
sections are repeated (as indicated in the diagram by
"repeat marks"). The basic premise of this form is
CONTRAST:
4.TERNARY FORM a three-part form featuring a return
of the initial music after a contrasting section. Symmetry
and balance are achieved through this return of material:
ANSWER

1 : MELODY DISJUNCT
2 : RHYTHM DUPLE METER
3 : TEXTURE HOMOPHONIC
4 : FORM TERNARY FORM
 CHORDOPHONES
(STRINGED INSTRUMENTS)

 A chordophone is any musical

instrument
 which makes sound by way of a
vibrating string
 or strings stretched between two
points
TWO STRINGED-LUTE

• Mansaka-Binarig • Bukidnon – “katyapi”

• Bilaan-Faglong • Subanen – “kutapi”
• T'boli-Hagelong or • Tiruray -“fegerong”
hegalong • Ata – “kudlung”
• Mansaka -Kudlong • Bagobo – “kodlong”
• Manobo - Kudlong, • Maguindanao-
kdlung, kutyapi Kudyapi
• Maranao-Kutyapi
Kudyapi - is a guitar with two strings. It is
about 1 1/2 m long and made of wood. It
has a stick to support in its lower end and is
played in the same position as cello.
 KUDLONG

Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the

melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the
neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved
with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are
adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally
three) pieces of Carabao skin; the strap is adorned with
bead work.

Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5

cm.
SALUROY - IS A
BAMBOO POLY
CHORDAL TUBE ZITHER
OF BAGOBO . IT IS
CALLED AS KOLITONG
IN CORDILLERA REGION.
Aduwag-ay -one -
stringed fiddle
instrument of Bilaans
also called Kugot
(Agusan-Manobo) and
Duwagey (T'boli)
 AEROPHONES
(WIND
INSTRUMENTS)

is any musical instrument which produces

sound primarily by causing a body of air to
vibrate without the use of strings or membranes
and without the vibration of the instrument
itself adding considerably to the sound.
SAHUNAY - IS A
BAMBOO FLUTE,
LEAVING SIX HOLES
FOR THE FINGERS
AND TRUMPET MADE
OF COCONUT LEAF.
IT IS ABOUT 50 CM
LONG AND 3 CM IN
DIAMETER.
THIS IS A BAMBOO
FLUTE OF THE
TAUSUGS IN SULU.
PALEN
DAG
 A lip-valley flute, it is considered the
toughest of the three bamboo flutes (the
others being the tumpong and the
suling) to use because of the way one
must shape one's lips against its tip to
make a sound.
 The construction of the mouthpiece is
such that the lower end is cut diagonally
to accommodate the lower lip and the
second diagonal cut is make for the
blowing edge.
 a type of Philippine bamboo flute, the largest
one used by the Maguindanaon, a smaller type
of this instrument is called the Hulakteb
(Bukidnon).

 Other names: Bunabon- Mandaya Hlandag-

T’boli Palundag- Bilaan Tanggab and Tulali-
Subanon Pulalu – Manobo and Mansaka
Palandag- Bagobo Pulala- Bukidnon
Suling - ring flute of Bilaan and Tiruray, Maguindanao,
Samal, Tausug and Yakan
-is the smallest bamboo flute of the Maguindanaon and the
only one classified as a ring-flute (the other two bamboo
flutes of the Maguindanaon, the tumpong and the palendag
are both lip-valley flutes). Other names for the suling include:
Lantey (Ata), Kinsi (Bukidnon), Dagoyong (Higanon) Babarak
(Palawan)
S
(PERCUSSIO
N
INSTRUMENT
S)
 An idiophone is any musical instrument
which creates sound primarily by way of
the instrument's vibrating, without the use
of strings or membranes

 Most percussion instruments which are

not drums are idiophones.
KULINTANG IS A TERM
WITH VARIOUS MEANINGS,
ALL RELATED TO THE
MELODY-PLAYING GONG
ROW.
 Technically, the term kulintang
is the Maguindanao word for
eight gong kettles which are
laid horizontally upon a rack
creating an entire kulintang set
called apasangan.
INSTRUMENT FOR THE ENTIRE
ENSEMBLE. OTHER NAMES:
KULINTANG - BILAAN, SUBANON,
MAGUINDANAO, MARANAO,
SAMAL, AND
JAMA KLINTANG- T’BOLI
KWINTANGAN- YAKAN
Kulintang - is a set of eight knobbed gongs
in graduated sizes from largest to smallest
mounted in a wooden frame, about a meter
long. Muslim carvings decorated the frame.

The kulintang is played by striking the

gongs with two pieces of wood, about 12
inches long while the player squats on the
floor. The instruments is popular in Sulu.
Gabbang - is similar to a xylophone. It is
made of wooden box with one end wider than
the other, and with an open top. Across top,
wooden bars of different lengths are placed to
fit the shape of the box, about 1 cm from each
other. It is played by striking the wooden bars
with a wooden hammer. This instruments is
popular in Sulu.
Gabbang Description
Xylophone with 17 keys made
of bamboo, separated by metal
nails. The resonating case is
dcorated with floral motives.
At the sides are two mirrors.
The beaters are made of wood
with a piece of tube rubber
Dimensions: length: 102 cm.,
width: 51 cm. height: 37 cm.
 The Gabbang can be
played as a solo instrument.
Sometimes a duo is formed
with a 'biula', a local violin.
A Taosug woman plays the
gabbang. The resonating
case, decorated with floral
motives
Gandingan a Kayo (translated
means, “wooden gandingan,” or
“gandingan made of wood”) is a
Philippine xylophone and
considered the wooden version
of the real gandingan. This
instrument is a relatively new
instrument coming of age due to
the increasing popularity of the
“wooden kulintang ensemble,”
KULINTANG A KAYO THIS IS A
WOODEN XYLOPHONE OF
THE MAGUINDANAO
PEOPLE.
 Kulintang a Kayo (literally, “wooden
kulintang”) is a Philippine
xylophone of the Maguindanaon
people with eight tuned slabs arranged
horizontally atop a wooden antangan
(rack). Made of soft wood such as
bayug, the kulintang a kayo is a
common found among Maguindanaon
households with a musical
background.
Traditionally, it was used for
self- entertainment purpose
inside the house, so beginners
could practice kulintang
pieces before performing them
on the real kulintang and only
recently have they been
performed as part of a
“wooden kulintang ensemble.”
Agung – is a set a two wide
rimmed bossed- gongs hangs
from horizontal pole or wooden
frame.

 It is used by the
Maguindanao, Maranao,
Samal- Bajau and Tausug
people of the Philippines
The larger, lower pitched gong of the
two is called the pangandungan by
the Maguindanao and the p'nanggisa-
an by the Maranao. Played on the
musician's right, it provides the main
part, which it predominantly played
on the accents of the rhythmic
structure. The smaller, higher pitched
gong, the thicker of the two, is called
the panentekan by the Maguindanao
and the p'malsan or pumalsan by the
Maranao.
The Agung is usually performed
while standing beside the instrument,
holding the upper edge of its flange
between the thumb and other fingers
with the left hand while striking the
knob with the right hand.
 The mallets, called balu, are made
from short sticks about half a foot
in length and padded with soft but
tough material such as rubber at on e
end.
 They hang in pairs with the
knobs of the lower pitched
gongs facing each other. The
same with the two higher
pitched gongs. The pair of
lower pitched gongs is
positioned on the player's
- ISofAtheSET OF FOUR
left side while the pair
GANDINGAN
higher pitched gongs is on
SMALL
the right.
NARROW- RIMMED AND
SUSPENDED GONGS.
The player usually a woman
who stands between the two
pair of gongs. Her body
touches slightly the gong in
the middle to prevent from
swinging. She uses two
padded mallets
 Gandingan When integrated into the ensemble, it
functions as a secondary melodic instrument after the
main melodic instrument, the kulintang. When
played solo, the gandingan allows fellow
Maguindanao to communicate with each other,
allowing them to send messages or warnings via long
distances.
 This ability to imitate tones of the
Maguindanaolanguage using this instrument has
given the gandingan connotation: the “talking gongs.
BABANDIL- IS A SINGLE,
NARROW- RIMMED PHILIPPINE
GONG USED PRIMARILY AS THE
“TIMEKEEPER” OF THE
MAGUINDANAO KULINTANG
ENSEMBLE.
Also called:
Babendir- (Maguindanao)
Babandir - (Maranao),
Babandir - (Tagbanwa,Batak,
Palaw’an),
Banendir and Tungtung,-
(Tausug),
Salimbal - (Samal)
Mapindil - (Yakan)
Bubundi -(Mansaka)
Babandil It is struck with thin bamboo sticks to
produce a metallic sound. There are three ways to
play the babendil.

1.by striking the rim of the suspended gong with a

pair of sticks on the left hand.
2.by striking the gong's rim with the right hand
using one stick while the left hand grasps the rim.
3.by laying the instruments upside and striking the
gong's rim with the two sticks.
Kagul - is a type of
Philippine bamboo scraper
gong/slit drum of the
Maguindanaon and Visayans
with a jagged edge on one
side, played with two beaters,
one scarping the jagged edge
and the other one making a
beat.
 The Maguindanaon and the
Banuwaen use it in the rice paddies
to guard against voracious birds,
using the sound it produces to scare
them away.The Maguindanaon and
theBukidnon also use it for simple
dance rhythms during social
occasions. It is also called:
Garakot ( Maranao)
Tagutok (Yakan)
Bantula or Tagungtung –(Bukidnon)
TYPE OF PHILIPPINE
METALLOPHONE WITH
EIGHT TUNED KNOBBED
METAL PLATES STRUNG
TOGETHER VIA STRING
ATOP
 A WOODEN
Kulintang a tiniok is a Maguindanaon
ANTANGAN (RACK).
term meaning “kulintang with string” but
they also could call them kulintang a
putao, meaning “kulintang of metal.” The
Maranao refer to this instrument as a
sarunay (or salunay, salonay, saronay,
saronai, sarunai), terminology which has
become popular for this instrument in
America.
Kubing –it is a bamboo jaw harp of
Tiruray. These have become one of
the most popular jaw harps
internationally due to their highly
responsive sound and ornate designs.
In the hands of a good player the
kubing is capable of a vast number of
sounds and timbres. This kubing was
collected in Manila in 1987. Other
names: Kumbing –Bagobo Lideng-
Bilaan Kobing- Maranao and Samal
Kulaing – Tausug and Yakan
 MEMBRANOPHON
ES (DRUM
INSTRUMENTS)

A membranophone is any musical

instrument which produces sound
primarily by way of a vibrating
stretched membrane
DABAKAN - IS A
GOBLET -SHAPED
DRUM OF and Maranao,
Maguindanao
which has a single head
covered with goat, lizard or
snakeskin. It is struck with
two thin bamboo sticks about
18 inches in length.
 primarily used as a
supportive instrument in
the kulintang ensemble
DADAB
UAN
Ethnic group: Maranao
 Location: West central
Mindanao (muslim south)
Classification Membranophone,
hour glass shaped drum
Description Hour glass shaped
drum made of wood; the
membrane is made of carabao
skin. Decorated with carvings
and painted. The drum is part of
the Kulintang ensemble.
Dimensions: height: 59 cm.
diameter (membrane): 19 cm.
GANDANG -
IS A
 two-headed cylindrical drum of Tausug, Samal,
Badjao, Maranao and Maguindanao. Called as
Kendang in other South East Asian countries. It is one
of the primary instruments used in the Gamelan
ensembles of Java, Bali and Terengganu.
 Ensemble – small groups of
instrument played simultaneously.
 Pala Buni Bunyan- Maguindanao
ensemble consisted of five
instruments the kulintang, agung,
gandingan, dabakan and babendil/
babandir
 The complete ensemble Kulintang ensemble

 Tagunggo – Yakan ensemble is made up of brass

kwintangan, gabbang, set of 3 agung and bamboo slit
drum called Tagutok.
NON-ISLAM CULTURALGROUP

BAGOBO TRIBE – Davao

Gulf and Davao Region

BILAAN – Davao Gulf

KALAGAN – DAVAO
GULF

MANDAYA – Davao Region

MANSAKA –
DAVAO REGION

MANOBO – Bukidnon,
Agusan del Sur, Cotabato
MATIGSALUG –
BUKIDNON

SUBANON – Zamboanga
Peninsula
TIRURAY– SOCCSARGEN
Region

T’BOLI – South Cotabato

LIFE CYCLE
1.Sinda-ay- Wedding chant sung before
inviting the groom’s party to enter the
bride’s house.
2.Balow– song for a dead husband of
Matigsalug.
3.Iring Iring- Manobo song sung on wakes
4.Ulag Ing- lament song of Manobo
 OCCUPATIONAL
SONG
1. Gago Napu- song for either hunting or
fishing of Subanon
2. Balatuking– Manobo harvest song Ritual
Song
3. Diwata- for curing ceremony of Subanon
4. Pamasag- for victory celebration of Manobo
5. Pangan - Do- for thanksgiving of Manobo
 JOEY AYALA (BUKIDNON) is
a Filipino singer, songwriter and
former chairman of the music
committee of the National
Commission for Culture and the
Arts. He is well known for his
style of music that combines the
sounds of Filipino ethnic
instruments with modern pop
music.
 REPORTED BY:
MA.LOURDSLYN F. VITTO
BEED –III JOLIVER P.
CUSTODDI BEED – III
ALLIAH LALATA BEED – II