MUSCULOSKELETAL

SYSTEM

January 16, 2019

Historical Perspective of
ORTHOPAEDICS
• Orthopedik adalah cabang ilmu bedah, berhubungan
dengan pemeliharaan dan pemulihan fungsi sistem
rangka, persendian, dan struktur yang berkaitan.
• Bedah orthopedi adalah suatu tindakan bedah untuk
memulihkan kondisi disfungsi muskuloskeletal
• Derived from two Greek words,
• orthos= straight and paidos= child.
• “The art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in
Children”
• Was introduced in 1741 by Nicolas Andre.
• First Orthopaedic Institute was founded in
Switzerland in 1780
• Orthopaedic practitioners were known as “strap-and-
buckle” as they use the appliances to straighten body
and limbs
• HUGH OWEN THOMAS (1834-1891) was known
for his ability to set broken bones and reduce
dislocated joints
• AGNES HUNT (1862-1948) “The Florence
Nightingale of Orthopaedic Nursing”
 What is musculoskeletal?
 Muscle  Skeletal/ rangka
 Otot  Tulang
 Tendon  Sendi
 Ligamen

 Musculoskeletal system enables changes in

movement (pergerakan) and position (bentuk
tubuh)
Review of the Skeletal System
Functions of the Bones
Primary function is to produce skeletal-movements
(pergerakan)
• 1. Locomotion- memberikan pergerakan
(otot berhubungan dengan kontraksi dan
pergerakan).
• 2. Protection- melindungi organ tubuh (jantung,
otak, paru-paru, dan jaringan lunak).
• 3. Support- mendukung jaringan tubuh dan
memberikan bentuk tubuh
4. Blood production- membentuk sel-sel darah
merah di dalam sumsum tulang (hematopoesis)
5. Mineral deposition- menyimpan garam-garam
mineral (kalsium, fosfor, magnesium dan fluor).
SKELETAL SYSTEM

• Tulang adalah jaringan yang paling keras diantara

jaringan ikat lainnya yang terdiri atas:
hampir 50 % air dan bagian padat,
selebihnya mineral (calcium) dan bahan seluler

 Skeletal accounts for about 25% of body weight,

 Muscle accounts for about 50%, and plays a major
role in metabolism and temperature regulation
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BONES
• A. Axial= 80
• B. Appendicular= 126
A. AXIAL
• Skull
• Cranium 8
• Face 14
• Hyoid 1
• Auditory ossicles 6
• Vertebral column 26
• Thorax
• Sternum 1
• Ribs 24
TOTAL 80
• I. SKULL - (Brain box)
• CRANIUM
• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• II. FACE
• Maxilla
• Mandible
• Zygomatic
• Nasal
• Vomer
• Lacrimal
• Inferior conchae
• Palatine
• Every bone is connected to another bone , with
one exception “Hyoid”
• Support the tongue and elevate the larynx when
talk or swallow
• Auditory ossicles
• Malleus
• Incus
• Stapes
• III. BONES OF THE TRUNK (Anterior)
• Sternum (Breastbone)
• A.
• B.
• C.
• RIBS (Antero-posterior)
• True 7 pairs Attached to the sternum

FALSE Ribs:
• False 3 pairs Attached to the true ribs
• Floating 2 pairs Attached to the vertebra
• VERTEBRAL COLUMN

• Cervical
• Thoracic vertebra
• Lumbar vertebrae
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
B. APPENDICULAR
• I. Pectoral Girdle: bones attach arms to the trunk
a. Clavicle (shoulder)
b. Scapula (shoulder blade)
II. Upper Extremities
a. Humerus (upper arm bone)
b. Radius (lateral bone of lower arm)
c. Ulna (medial arm bone)
d. Carpals (wrist bones)
e. Metacarpals (palm bones)
f. Phalanges (finger bones)
• III. Lower Limb
• Pelvic Girdle (2)
(attaches lower extremities to the trunk)
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Lower Extremities
• 1. Femur (upper leg bone)
• 2. Patella (knee bone)
• 3. Tibia (lower leg bone, medial)
• 4. Fibula (lower leg bone, lateral)
• 5. Tarsal bones
• 6. Metatarsals
• 7. Phalanges
DID YOU KNOW?
• Olecranon process
• Medial malleolus
• Lateral malleolus
CLASSIFICATION
• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
JOURNAL
• Judul
• The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain and
Disability Is Affected by Mood Disorders

• Tujuan
• This study aims to examine the association between body
composition and LBP and disability in a population-based
sample of men, as well as the factors that may affect this
relationship.

• Sampel
• 820 respondents, male
• Method
Chronic Back Pain Grade Questionnaire (for LBP)
• Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (for emotional disorder)
• Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (for body composition)

• Findings/ temuan
• Low back pain was associated with higher body mass index (obese)
(28.7)
• The associations between back pain and measures of obesity were
stronger in those with an emotional disorder

• Rekomendasi
• Sebagai perawat…

• Referensi
• Peneliti