Computer Memory

Primary Memory Secondary Memory

By ---Sandeep Kumar
 Primary Memory
• The memory which directly accessed by CPU is
known as Primary memory. It is also known as
main memory of computer. Found in small
sizes.
• Without primary memory a CPU is unable to
perform any function.
• Example:- RAM, ROM.

By ---Sandeep Kumar
 Secondary Memory
• Secondary memory is where programs and
data are kept on a long-term basis.
Common secondary storage devices are the
hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has
large storage capacity compared to
main memory. The hard disk is usually
contained inside the case of a computer.

By ---Sandeep Kumar
By ---Sandeep Kumar
 ROM(Read Only Memory)
-As name suggest information stored in ROM will be in form
of read only. Non-Volatile in Nature. It comes in form of chip .
It is used to store BIOS program.

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 Types Of ROM

I. MROM(Masked)
II. PROM(Programmable)
III. EPROM(Erasable Programmable)
IV. EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable)

By ---Sandeep Kumar
 MROM
• It is manufactured with pre filled contents.
• For Example it is like a movie CD or DVD, we
can read these media but can not make any
changes in this.

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 Programmable ROM
• This type of ROM is manufactured as blank
chip.
• It can be programmed once.
• Example:- Normal blank CD, DVD.

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 EPROM
• This type of ROM chips can be written many
times unlike PROM.
• EPROM write operation is done by passing UV.
• It comes with glass window on the upper side
of chip.
• Example:- Rewritable CD & DVD.

By ---Sandeep Kumar
EPROM

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 EEPROM
• This type of ROM chips can be written
multiple times by using software program.
• Software Program is provided by ROM
manufacturers.
• Example Pen Drive.

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 RAM(Random Access Memory)
• It stored all running program and user data
displayed on desktop.
• CPU takes data for processing through RAM.
• It is volatile in nature.
• Example:- SRAM, DRAM.

By ---Sandeep Kumar
By ---Sandeep Kumar
 Difference Between SRAM & DRAM
Static RAM
• This type of ram is accessed
by a particular device for
better performance.
• It uses flip-flop to store
each bit.
• It is the fastest type of RAM.
• Very expansive.
• Example:- Cache Memory.
By ---Sandeep Kumar
Dynamic RAM
• DRAM is used as main
memory of system and it is
accessed by multiple devices
simultaneously .
• It uses Capacitors to store data
due to this it requires an extra
power supply to contain data
at regular interval.
• Slower then SRAM.
• Example :- SDRAM, DDR,
DDR2, DDR3.
SRAM-

DRAM-

By ---Sandeep Kumar
 DRAM TYPES
• SDRAM(Synchronous)
• RDRAM(Rambus)
• SDRAM-DDR(Double Data Rate)

By ---Sandeep Kumar
 SDRAM
• It works in synchronization with System clock,
this enables memory controller to the exact
clock cycle when the requested data will be
ready so the CPU no longer has to wait
between memory access.
• It operates at speed of 66MHZ, 100MHZ &
133MHZ.
• SDRAM has 64 bit wide data bus.
• No. of pins 168

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 RDRAM
• It is manufactured by Rambus company.
• Introduced in 1999 in high speed like 200MHZ,
400MHZ, 800MZH.
• But has 16 bit wide data path.
• It requires Rambus in line memory module
slot for installation.
• No. of 184.

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SDRAM-DDR(Double Data Rate)

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 DDR
• It is can perform read and write operation at
high edge as well as low edge of clock cycle.
• It doubles the Data transfer rate.

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 Types DDR RAM available
Types of DDR or DDR-1 DDR 2 DDR 3 DDR4
DDR

Pins 184 240 240 288

Speed 133-200MHZ 266-400MHZ 533-1000MHZ 1066-1600MHZ

By ---Sandeep Kumar
By ---Sandeep Kumar
By ---Sandeep Kumar