Belt Conveyor

Conveyor
A system or path which convey or transfer
material from one location to another fixed point
(location) is known as conveyor.
Conveyors are primarily horizontal,
vertical, inclined movement fixed, constant
speed material handling system.
Types of conveyors
1. Air blower.
2. Apron.
3. Belt.
4. Bucket.
5. Car on Truck
6. Carousel.
7. Chain.
8. Flight.
9. Hydraulic.
10. Magnetic
 Belt Conveyor
A Conveyor is a heavy duty material
handling system available for transporting
large tonnage, through belt.
It may be horizontal,inclined,upward
and downward. Belt conveyor are
designed and offered conforming to Indian
Standard IS-1891(Part-
1)1994.
 Common Application
1.Food & Packaging Industries. 8. Bottling Plants
2.Thermal Power Project. 9. Pharmaceuticals
3.Fertilizer Plants. 10. Cement Plants.
4.Cool Washeries. 11. Dock Yards.
5.Tea Estates. 12. Airports.
6.Foundries. 13. Mines.
7.Paper Industries. 14. Steel Plants.
 Components For Belt
Conveyor
1. Belt. 8. Pull Cord.
2. Pulley. 9. Belt Sway Switch
3. Idler. 10. Zero Speed
4. Gear Box. Switch
5. Motor. 11. External Scraper.
6. Take up. 12. Internal Scraper.
7. Frame. 13. Skirt Board.
 Belt
Material which is a combine structure of rubber,
cotton duck or synthetic fabrics, used to transfer the
material is called belt.
1. PLY :- layer of cotton duck or synthetic fabric
2. Belt Rubber :- Synthetic +Natural Rubber
3. Synthetic Rubber :-
a. Neoprene :-
b. Buna :-
c. Butyl :-
 Belt Life
1. To avoid impact load at the loading point.We
must use impact idler, Pneumatic Tire.
2. Chuting the load vertically against the belt
should be avoided.Where possible the load should be
given in the direction of belt travel.
3. When the material is a mixture of lumps and
fines, should be screened through to form a cushion
for the lumps.
 Other feathers
1. Belt Ends :-
2. Belt edges :-
3. Mildew Inhibition :-
4. Skim Coating :-
5. Rough Top :-
6. Hardness :-
 Idler
Idler is a roller,by virtue of revolving
effect a belt slides on, At the rate of minimum
friction.
Troughing idlers are usually of the
three pulley type, To increase the volume
capacity of the belt.

35 Deg. Idler will increase the volume capacity of

the belt 25-35%
45 Deg. Idler will increase the volume capacity of
the belt 35-40%
 Types of Idler
1. Impact idler :-
2. Carrying idler :-
3. Guide idler :-
4. Return idler :-

5. Self Aligning idler :-

A belt running out of line may be
brought into alignment by shifting slightly forward one end or the other
end,with a few idler sets is called a self aligning idler.
It should be spaced, not more then 75 Ft. (23 Mtr.)
 PULLEY
Pulley is a device to drive a belt, it gives
direction, friction and tension for smooth running of
belt conveyor.

Types of Pulley

1. Head Pulley :-
2. Tail Pulley :-
3. Snub Pulley :-
4. Bend Pulley :-
5. Take up Pulley :-
 LAGGING
Lagging is layer of rubber, which is covered on
pulley for increasing friction between belt & pulley.
Lagged pulley is much better specially if the
lagging is grooved.
Lagging rubber thickness = 1/2” 12.7 mm
Lagging grooved space = 1/4”* 1/4”, 6.4*6.4 mm
Apart from each other = 1/2” 12.7 mm
Shape = Diagonally or Herringbone
gear
The coefficient of friction bet. rubber & steel = 0.25
The coefficient of friction bet. rubber & rubber = 0.55
(For ideal condition)
 Snub Pulley
A pulley which is placed just after the
head pulley at the downward side.
Snub pulley is employed to increase
the arc of contact on the head pulley.
The arc of contact is increased up to about
240deg. By using one snub pulley & up to 410deg.
By using 2 snub pulleys geared together or drived by
saparate motor and having the belt wrapped around
them in form of a letter S.
 Take up
The extension & contraction of belt due
to temperature, weight & tension changes.the
necessity of occasional belt cutting, can be avoided
by extra tension providing to belt. To avoid such a
types of problem we use take up.

Types of Take up
1. Screw take up.
2. Gravity take up.
 Screw Take up
Tension is provided to belt by screw tightening
arrangement is called a screw take up (S.T.).It is
mostly used in horizontal conveyor, where require less
tension.Such types of take up always provided at the
tail end.
E.g.-Short horizontal conv.
Gravity Take up
The take up in which, we use gravitesnal force, by
hanging weight on belt,by pulley, which is called take
up pulley.All this arrangement is called a gravity take
up (G.T.).Such types of take up used in long & inclined
conveyor.
The take up located where the slack first
occur usually just back of the drive except in a
conveyor inclined downward (retarding con.).When the
 Formula
Power :-The power require to move 100tons/h horizontally is
given by the formula. H.P.= 0.4+0.00325L
Where L is the distance between centers in Ft.

Surcharge angle :- Angle inclination of belt (SCA+)

CED++ :- Constant edge distance
CED :- (.55b+.9)*CED++
b = belt width in inch.

Tone per hour :- CED X material wt. lbs/ft X Belt speed ft/min
100 100

CED++ = From table

 Precautions
1. At the time of new belt installing, the distance
between head & tail pulley must be minimum.
2. At the time of old belt installing, the distance between
head & tail pulley must be maximum.
3. Skirt rubber width always controlled.
4. Hot material loose vulcanizing joint.
5. Vulcanized jointed belt must be in right angle.
6. V. joint require proper time for jointing.
7. V. joint require proper press for jointing.
 Trouble shooting
1. Sway :- Misalignment of belt & pulley.
Reason :- 1. Improper alignment of pulley.
2. Less Tension.
3. Unbalance weight on take up pulley.
4. One side carrying idlers jammed or fall
down.
5. Looseness on Pulley
Remedy :- 1. By self aligning roller.
2. Pulley alignment (tail,bend,Head pulley).
3. Providing uniform wt.on take up pulley.
2. Fastener :- Proper gap = Belt tear
Recommended Size = Belt tear
Improper Condition = Belt tear