THEORY OF DESIGN

(AR-307)

z
AR.WALTER
GROPIUS
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
BARN1AR18004 AR.MALAY GADKAR.
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE
 Modern architecture was based upon new and
innovative technologies of construction, particularly the
use of glass, steel and reinforced concrete; the idea
that form should follow function (→functionalism); an
embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.
 It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and
became dominant after World War II until the 1980s,
when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for
institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern Sydney Opera House, Sydney, New
architecture.. South Wales, Australia, by Jørn
Utzon (1973)

Villa Savoye, France, by Le TWA Flight Center at JFK Airport, Fallingwater, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
Corbusier (1927) Queens, NY, by Eero Saarinen (1962) by Frank Lloyd Wright (1935)
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BAUHAUS
Designed By Gropius And His Partner Meyer
Bauhaus, Was An Art School In Germany That
Combined
Crafts And The Fine Arts.
It Operated From 1919 To 1933. At That Time the
German
Term about This Sound Bauhaus literally "house Of
Construction"—was Understood As Meaning "school
Of Building".
The Complex Consists Of Five Main Elements Fully
Glazed 3 Storeyed:
Workshop Block.
Teaching Block.
Social Areas.
A 5-storeyed Study Block.
An Administrative Wing Spanning the Roadway
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z INTRODUCTION

• Pioneer Master Of Modern

Architecture.
• Born In Berlin On 18 May 1883.
• Was A German Architect And An
Educator.
• Influential Proponent Of Modern
Design And Furthered His Ideas
Through
• Bauhaus School Design.
• He Was Taught By His Father Who
Also Was An Architect And Learned
 z EDUCATION AND EARLY
WORKS

• He Studied Architecture In Munich And Berlin

(1903-1907).
• In 1908,gropius Worked Under The Renowned
Architect And Industrial Designer Peter Behrens Till
1910.
• In 1919, Gropius Transformed The Grand-ducal
Saxon School Of Arts And Craft Into The World
Famous Bauhaus.
• In 1934, He Moved And Began To Work In Britain.
• In 1937, He Moved To New York And Taught At
The Harvard University.
• In 1946, Gropius Founded The Young Architects
Association, The Architects Collaborative.
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PRINCIPLES
• Simple Geometry Often Rectangular.
• Use Of Modern Materials Like Steel, Rcc And
Glass
• Primary Colours
• Linear And Horizontal Elements
• Grid System
• The International Modern Style.
• He Believed That All Initial Training For Artist
And Craftsman Should Be Same I.e.
Introduction To Form, Colour, Nature Of
Material.
• He Realized The Interdependence Of Machine
And Architecture, Thus Encouraged The Use
Of Prefabricated Units.
 z FAMOUS BUILDINGS
Fagus Factory (1911-1913)
Bauhaus
Gropius House (1937-38 )
Josephine M. Hagerty House 1938
J.f. Kennedy Federal Building : 1963-1966
Pan Am Building(now Metlife Building) 1960-
1963
Waldenmark 1939
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FAGUS FACTORY
 The Fagus Factory Is In Germany
And Is An
Important Example Of Early Modern
Architecture.
 Constructed Between 1911-1913, It
Was
Walter Gropius' First Independent
Commission
 It Was Called An Artistic And
Practical Design
By Gropius
 It Was In Collaboration With Adolf
Meyer.
 Most Striking Thing: Simplicity And
Confidence Of The Architecture.
Fagus Structure Was Actually A
Hybrid Construction
z Of Brick
Columns, Steel Beams
And Concrete Floor Slabs And
Stairways.
 It Was A Steel Frame Supporting
The Floors, Glass Screen External
Walls.
 Plane Surfaces Predominate In
This Factory.
 The Glass And Walls Are Joined
Cleanly At The Corners Without
The Intervention Of
Piers.
 Pillars Are Set Behind The Façade So That Its Curtain Character Is Fully
Realized.
 Glass Screen Was Used All Over The Walls To Have Proper View From Inside.
 Walls Are No Longer Supporters Of The Building But Simple Curtain
Projecting
Against Increment Weather.
 It Was Domination Of Voids Over Solids.
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Use Of Floor-To-Ceiling Glass Windows On Steel Frames That Go

Around The Corners Of The Buildings Without A Visible (most of the
time without any) Structural Support.
• The Other Unifying Element Is The Use Of Brick.
• All Buildings Have A Base Of About 40cm Of Black Brick And The
Rest Is Built Of Yellow Bricks.
• In Order To Enhance This Feeling Of Lightness, Gropius and Meyer
Used A Series Of optical Refinements Like Greater Horizontal Than
Vertical Elements On The Windows, Longer Windows On The Corners
And Taller Windows On The Last Floor.
• The Fagus Factory Is Still In Use Today And Was Included On
The List Of Unesco World Heritage Sites In 2011.
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PLANS

The Office And Is One Of The Most Important

And Characteristic Of The Complex.

The Main Building, Rectangular In Shape,

Was Designed As A Structural Framework
Without Pillars In The Corners, With A Front
Metal Grid Cut By GlassCovers, One Of The
First Examples Of Curtain Wall.
z ELEVATION
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The supports of the building are hidden

Slender piers Iron frame

According to Gropius, the

factory should be a kind of
palace for the workers who
were offered light, air and
hygienic atmosphere
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BAUHAUS
To Produce A Separation Of Each Of These Functions
From Others, At The Same Time Not Isolating Them
But Bringing Them Together Into Efficient Integration.
Workshops Noticeably More Industrial, Particularly In
Their Window
The Square Pedalled Metal Windows Are Typical Of
Mass Produced Industrial Units. BLOCK VIEW OF
BAUHAUS BUILDING:
1. WORKSHOP
2. DINING HALL
3. STUDIO WORKSHOP
4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
5. TRADE SCHOOL
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Bauhaus Is Enclosed By Glass The Whole Cube
Seems Like To Immense Horizontal Plains Floating
On The Ground.
Giant Light Cube Dazzling White Light From Every
Wall.

The High Glass Walls Revealing The Light Steel

Structure….
Delineated In All Its Transparency By The Iron Grid
Of Its
Exterior Structure.
Bauhaus Is Enclosed By Glass Curtains
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PLANS
z SECTION
z Form follows Function :

• Flat Roofs
• Smooth Facades Cubic Shapes
• Colours Are White, Gray, Beige Or Black
• Floor Plans Are Open
• Furniture Is Functional
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Plan Show The Linear Nature Of The

Individual Structures.
The Complex Is Divided Into Three Main
Wings.
The Studio Apartments Are Connected By
Auditorium, Canteen,
Kitchens And Gymnasium To The Long
Narrow
The Wing On Left Is The School Of Arts
And Crafts, Wing On The
Right Accommodate The Workshop.

FAÇADE OF THE STUDENTS

STUDIO APARTMENTS WITH THEIR
CANTILEVERED BALCONIES AND
LARGE OPENINGS
 STUDENT’S STUDIOS IN ADMINISTRATION WING
FOREGROUND OVER THE STREET, CONNECTING THE
SCHOOL DIVISIONS.

INTERIOR,
BAUHAUS, DESSAU. CORRIDOR AND STAIRS
INTERIOR, WORKSHOP.
 BAUHAUS, DESSAU
INTERIOR,
DIRECTORS OFFICE.

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR,

STUDENTS WORK AND BEDROOM

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR,

AUDITORIUM
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THANK YOU