WAVES IN LAYERED

BODY
By:
Ellah Niña B. Mantos BSCE-5A
What is Waves in Layered body?

o The model of a homogeneous elastic half-space which is useful for explaining

the existence of body waves , Rayleigh waves and Love waves .
 5.4.1 One-Dimensional Case: Material Boundary in an
Infinite Rod
5.4.1 One-Dimensional Case: Material Boundary
in an Infinite Rod

• Incident wave - the wave is traveling toward the interface.

Since it is traveling in material 1,its wavelength will be λ1 =2π/k1

• transmitted wave – its wavelength will be λ2 =2π/k2

• Reflected wave - will travel back through material 1in the negative
x-direction
 The transmitted and reflected waves can be described by

 Assuming that the displacements associated with each of these waves

are of the same harmonic form as the stresses that cause them; that is,
 Stress-strain and strain-displacement relationships can be used to relate
the stress amplitudes to the displacement amplitudes:

 From these, the stress amplitudes are related to the displacement

amplitudes by
 At the interface, both compatibilty of displacements and continuity of
stresses must be satisfied. The former requires that

 and the latter that

 Substituting equations (5.67) and (5.66) into equations (5.70) and

(5.71), respectively, indicates that
 at the interface. Substituting equations (5.69) into equation (5.73) and using
the relationship kM = wpv, gives

 Equation (5.74) can be rearranged to relate the displacement amplitude of

the reflected wave to that of the incident wave:

 and knowing Ai and Ar, equation (5.72) can be used to determine At as

 Substituting equations (5.79) into equations (5.77) and (5.78) and rearranging
gives
 The importance of the impedance ratio in determining the nature of
reflection and transmission at interfaces can clearly be seen
Equations (5.77), (5.78), (5.80), and (5.81) indicate that
fundamentally different types of behavior occur when the
impedance ratio is less than or greater than 1.
 When the impedance ratio is less than 1, an incident wave can be thought of as
approaching a "softer" material.

 When the impedance ratio is greater than 1,an incident wave is approaching a
“stiffer” material.

 When the impedance ratio is 0, approaching a “free end” at which no

displacement can occur
 An infinite impedance ratio implies that the incident wave is approaching a
"fixed end" at which no displacement can occur (Ut =0)

 In that case the stress at the boundary is twice that of the incident wave
and the reflected wave has the same amplitude and polarity as the incident
wave

 When the impedance ratio is equal to 1, in which the impedances on each

side of the boundary are equal, is also of interest.
Example 5.4
 A vertically propagating shear wave travels upward through a layered soil deposit.
Compute the amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted waves that develop when
the shear wave reaches the boundary shown in Figure E5.4.