P.

Bhargavi
16wh1a0541
What is barcode?
 It is an automatic identification technology
 Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and
whitespaces
 Structured to contain a specific piece of information
 It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and
rapidly
 Combination of barcode technology with computer and
application software improves performance,
productivity and profitability
Agenda
Introduction
 BARCODE is an optical machine – readable form of data
and it is also known as the “Universal Product Code”
(UPC).
 First concept of BARCODE was developed by Bernard
Silver in 1948.
 George J. Laurer is considered the inventor of U.P.C.,
which is the most accepted form of BARCODE.
 On April 3, 1973, UPC symbol (based on the IBM proposal)
was selected as the industry standard.
 BARCODE uses the Binary System for coding & decoding.
 It has the series of bars & space representing alpha
numeric information.
 Each bar represent “1” & space represent “0”.
 As far back as the 1960’S barcodes were used in
industrial environments

 In early 1970’S common barcodes starting appearing to

automate the process of identify the grocery items, UPC
barcodes were placed on products.

 Some of the early implementations of barcodes

includes the ability to identify rails, cars…etc.

 The technology is born on 26Tth of June 1974 The

WRIGELY JUICY FRUIT GUM of 10 packs was first scanned
product.
Symbol description

Each barcode label have a few

different parts:-
 country identifier
 manufacturer’s id
 product item number
 check digit
 each product have a unique product item number
 check digit is the final number on the barcode label
when scanner reads the barcode the digit helps it to
verify that the barcode has been read correctly.
 This is all done by scanner.
 Which pick ups the bars then it transfers the information
to the computer, then it finds the record associated with
it.
How it works
 A bar code reader decodes a bar code by scanning a light
source across the bar code and measuring the intensity
of light reflected back by the white spaces.

 The pattern of reflected light is detected with a

photodiode and it is then decoded back to the original
data by inexpensive electronic circuits.

 Due to the design of most bar code it does not make any
difference if you scan a bar code from right to left or
from left to right

 The basic structure of a bar code consists of a leading

and trailing quiet zone, a start pattern, one or more data
characters, optionally one or two check characters and a
stop pattern.
 Barcode Representation
2D Barcode
1D Barcode representation
representation

EXAMPLE –
 It is similar to a
UPC-A barcode linear (1-
symbol dimensional)
barcode, but
has more data
representation
capability.
EAN-13 barcode  EXAMPLE -
symbol QR Code
Barcode Types

EAN (European Article

UPC (Universal Product Code)
Number)

 UPC version A  EAN-8 Version

 UPC Version E  EAN-13 Version

 Other Versions :-
UPC version B
UPC version C
UPC version D
Barcode Reader

 • A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an

electronic
 device for reading printed barcodes.
 Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens
and a light sensor translating optical impulses into
electrical ones.
Working of barcode reader

 A bar code consists of a series of parallel, adjacent bars

and spaces. Symbologies are used to encode small strings
of character data into a printed symbol.
 A bar code reader decodes a bar code by scanning a light
source across the bar code and measuring the intensity of
light reflected back by the white spaces.
 The pattern of reflected light is detected with a photodiode which
produces an electronic signal that exactly matches the printed
barcode signal.
 This signal is then decoded back to the original data by electronic
circuit
Types of barcodes

 There are five basic types of barcode readers..

- pen (wands) type reader
- slot scanners
- charge-couple device (CCD) scanners
- image scanner /camera based reader
- laser scanners
Pen type reader

 Pen type readers consist of a

light source and a photo diode
that are placed next to each
other in the tip of a pen or wand.

 To read a bar code, you drag the

tip of the pen across all the bars
in a steady even motion.
Slot scanner

 A slot scanner remains

stationary and the item
with the bar code on it is
pulled by hand through
the slot.
 Slot scanners are
typically used to scan
barcodes on
identification cards.
Charge-Couple
Device (CCD) Readers

 A CCD scanner has a better

read-range than the pen wand
and is often used in retail sails.
 Typically, a CCD scanner has a
‘gun’ type interface
 It has to be held no more than
one inch from the bar code
 Each time the bar code is
scabbed, several readings are
taken to reduce the possibility of
errors.
Laser Scanner

 A laser scanner, either hand-held

or stationary, does not have to be
close to the bar code in
order to do its job.
 It uses a system of mirror and
lenses to allow the scanner to
read the bar code regardless of
orientation, and can easily
read a bar code up to 24 inches
away.
Advantages

 represent unique identity  cost efficient

of a product
 real time data collection
 accuracy of data input
(error free)
 measurement of work in
progress throughout the
 labour savings by avoiding factory
manual system

 rapid access to total

 more accurate despatch production costs
Disadvantages
 System Failure may cost more delays.

 Scratched or crumpled barcodes may cause problems

 Data must be coded in the barcode

 In laser scanning, durability and cost are the two

disadvantages
Applications

 Retail.

 Manufacturing.

 Packing.

 Service industry such as Courier Industry, Hospital and

Library Management.

 Export Industry.