PREPARED BY

ESHA AKHTER(PP-16006)
ALISHBA KAMAL(PP-16008)
BUSHRA JAWED(PP-16010)
It is a process in which resin-impregnated fibers are wound over a rotating
mandrel at the desired angle.
It is an open mold process.
It is a process in which by which continuous reinforcing fibers are
accurately positioned in a predetermined pattern to form a hollow shape.
The process is very suitable for making tubular parts.
It is the only manufacturing technique suitable for making certain
specialized structures such as pressure vessels.
Starting materials for filament winding are continuous fibers(yarns) and
liquid thermoset resins.
Glass, carbon and Kevlar fibers are used for filament winding but glass
fibers are more common because of its low cost.
Epoxy, polyester and vinylester are used as resin materials.
Glass fibers with polyester resins are widely used for low cost
applications.
1. A large number of fiber roving / tows is pulled from series of creels into bath
containing liquid resin, catalyst and other ingredients such as pigments and UV
retardants.
2. The fibers are continuously wound onto a mandrel, usually using
automated winding equipment.
3. After the appropriate number of layers have been applied, curing is carried out
either in an oven or at room temperature, after which the mandrel is removed.
For certain applications such as pressure vessels and fuel tanks,
filament winding is the only method that can be used to make cost
effective and high-performance composite parts.

Filament winding utilizes low-cost raw material systems and low cost
tooling to make cost-effective composite parts.

Filament winding can be automated for the production of high-volume

composite parts.
 It is limited to producing closed and convex structures. It is not suitable for
making open structures such as bathtubs.
 Not all fiber angles are easily produced during the filament winding
process.
 Low fiber angles (0 to 15°) are not easily produced.
 The maximum fiber volume fraction attainable during this process is only
60%.
 During the filament winding process, it is difficult to obtain uniform fiber
distribution and resin content throughout the thickness of the laminate.
It is a low-cost, high-volume manufacturing process in which resin-
impregnated fibers are pulled through a die to make the part.
 It is a simple, continuous and automatic process.
 It is a closed-mold process.
 It creates parts of constant cross-section and continuous
length.
E-glass, S-glass, carbon and aramid fibers are used as reinforcements
Unsaturated polyester is the most common resin material for the
pultrusion process.
Vinylesters and epoxies can be used for improved properties but the
processing of these resins becomes difficult.
Calcium carbonates as a filler are added to lower the cost of the
pultruded part.
Alumina trihydrate and antimony trioxide are used for fire retardency.
Aluminum silicate provides enhanced insulation, opacity, surface finish
and chemical resistance.
 Spools of fiber yarns are kept on creels.
 Several fiber yarns from the spool are taken and passed through the resin
bath.
 Hardener and resin systems are mixed in a container and then poured in
the resin bath.
 The die is heated to a specific temperature for the cure of resin.
 Resin-impregnated fibers are then pulled from the die where the resin gets
compacted and impregnated.
 The pultruded part is then cut to the desired length.
 The surface is prepared for painting.
• Automated (Low manual labor)

• High productivity.

• Process parameters are easily controllable.

• Continuous long products of precise cross-section dimensions

• Good surface quality of the products.

• Homogeneous distribution and high concentration of the reinforcing

fibers in the material : up to 80% of roving reinforcement, and up to
50% of mixed mat + roving reinforcement.
 Not suitable for tapered and complex shapes.

 Thin wall parts cannot be produced.

 Fiber angles on pultruded parts are limited to 0 degree.

M. Munro, Review of manufacturing of fiber composite components by filament
winding, Polymer Composites, 9(5), 352, 1988.
Evans, D.O., Simulation of filament winding, 30th Int. SAMPE Symp., March1985,
1255.
Roser, R.R., Computer graphics streamline the programming of the filament
winding machine, 30th Int. SAMPE Symp., March 1985, 1231.
Roser, R.R., New generation computer controlled filament winding, 31st Int.
SAMPE Symp., April 1986, 810