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By: Aldmiralpads: Aldonza, Fred Anthony O. Mirallo, Jason L. Padolina, Jave Mark G
By: Aldmiralpads: Aldonza, Fred Anthony O. Mirallo, Jason L. Padolina, Jave Mark G
AND MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR SPRAY DRYER
By: AldMiralPads
Components of a Solution
• Homogeneous
• Size of solid particles is extremely small
• Particles cannot be seen even with a microscope
• Particles pass through the filter paper
• Particles present in a solution do not separate
• True solutions do not scatter light
ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY SENSOR
L. Koval, J. Vaňuš and P. Bilík, "Distance Measuring by Ultrasonic Sensor", IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 49, no. 25, pp. 153-158, 2016. Available:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896316326623
DISTANCE CALCULATION
(𝑻 × 𝑪)
𝑳=
𝟐
where:
L : distance, m
T : time between the emission and reception,
seconds
C : speed of sound (343 m/s)
PLUMBING TRAP (P-TRAP)
[3]"All About Plumbing Traps", The Plumbing Info, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://theplumbinginfo.com/plumbing-traps/. [Accessed: 29- Mar- 2019].
TURBIDITY
𝑨−𝑩
𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝑵𝑻𝑼 = α𝑻𝑺𝑺β 𝑻𝑺𝑺, 𝒎𝒈Τ𝑳 =
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
where: where:
α = coefficient of regression A = Sample and filter weight
β = coefficient of regression B = Filter weight
(approximately equal to 1)
LITERATURE REVIEW
SPRAY DRYING PREPARATIONS FOR FRUITS
General processes for fruits: Specific processes for fruits:
• clean deactivate enzyme,
extract juice
• drain juice
coarse filtering of juice
• filter
ceramic membrane
• add processing aid to be ultrafiltration
homogenized usage of additives for
• use spray dryer concentration of juices
use spray dryer
U. Guangxi, "Processing technology for spray evaporation type fruit and vegetable juice concentrate", CN105029595, 2015
L. Youngji, G. Honghui and F. Xiaoyan, "Preparation method of red bayberry effervescent tablet instant solid beverage", CN107712540, 2018
Guangxi Zheyuan Agricultural Science and Tech Co Ltd, "Roxburgh rose fruit electuary and preparation method thereof", CN107594275, 2018
DOST SPRAY DRYER - FEEDING MECHANISM
• Holding tank
• Valve
• Piston/pneumatic pump
• Pressure gauge
• Filter
O. Evangelista and A. Buison, DOST-Developed Food Processing Equipment Manual DOST, pp. 1-17
MODERN SPRAY DRYER -FEED SUPPLY SYSTEM
Intelligent High-Speed
Centrifugal Spray Dryer
A. Mujumdar, L. Huang and X. Dong Chen, "An overview of the recent advances in spray-drying", Dairy Science & Technology, vol. 90, no. 2-3,
pp. 211-224, 2010.
FOOD PROCESSING MATERIALS SAFETY
MONITORING DEVICE
Setup:
• Lifting device includes a fixing frame, a lifting rod, a gear and a
rack
• Lifting rod can move up and down along the fixing frame
• Gear is the rotating shaft of the stepping motor which is fixedly
connected
• Rack is connected with the lifting rod
• The gear is meshed with the rack, and the turbidity sensor is
fixed on the lifting rod
Qinghai Zhongchuang Enterprise Man Consulting Co Ltd, "Food processing materials safety monitoring device", CN206358686, 2017
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
COMPONENTS, BLOCK DIAGRAM, CIRCUIT DIAGRAM, FLOW CHART, SYSTEMS
DESIGN, PROPOSED EXPERIMENT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS
ELECTRONIC KEYPAD
SPECIFICATIONS:
Circuit Rating : 35 VDC, 100 mA
Contact Bounce : <5 ms
PURPOSE:
- use to select the mode to be
undertaken by the system
- Key (1):Cleaning, Key (2): Filtering, Key
(#): Start operation
TURBIDITY SENSOR
SPECIFICATIONS:
Working voltage : 5 VDC
Operating Current : 30 mA (MAX)
Dimension : 30 mm x 20 mm x 12 mm
Response time : <500 ms
Output way : high / low signal
: ( High: 5 V Low : 0 V)
PURPOSE:
- measures the turbidity of the solution
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Operating voltage : +5 VDC
• Static current : less than 2 mA
• Detection angle : 15 °
• Range : 2 cm ~ 400 cm
• Precision : 0.3 cm
• Operating Current : 15 mA
• Operating Frequency : 40 kHz
• Dimensions : 45 mm x 20 mm x 15 mm
PURPOSE:
- measures the liquid level of the containers
ARDUINO MEGA 2560
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Microcontroller : ATMEGA1280
• Operating Voltage :5V
• Input Voltage(Recommended) : 7-12 V
• Input Voltage(Limits) : 6-20 V
• Digital I/O Pins : 54
• Analog Input Pins : 16
• DC Current per I/O Pin : 40 mA
• Clock Speed : 16 MHz
PURPOSE:
- controls the various components and processes
the data received
LCD SCREEN
SPECIFICATIONS:
LCM type : Characters
Display : 2-lines X 16-characters
Voltage : 5 VDC
Dimension : 80 mm x 36 mm x 12 mm
Display area size : 64.5 mm x 16 mm
I2C / IIC Address : 0x3F
PURPOSE:
-displays the system’s processes and data
gathered from the sensor
RELAY
FEATURES – SPECIFICATIONS
• VCC :5V
• Logic : Low Activation
• Load capacity : 10 A at 125-250 VAC
• Load capacity : 10 A at up to 30 VDC
• with LED light indicator
PURPOSE:
- regulates the neccessary power required by
components to function
MOTOR PUMP
SPECIFICATIONS:
PURPOSE:
- increases the flow rate of the system
SOLENOID WATER VALVE
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Voltage : 12 VDC
• Pressure : 0.02 - 0.8 Mpa
• Operation mode : normally closed
• Valve type : diaphragm
PURPOSE:
- controls the in/out flow of the solutions
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FLOW CHART
SYSTEMS DESIGN
Feed Quality Control and Monitoring System
for Spray Dryer
(FQCMS)
Feed Quality Control and
Monitoring System for
Spray Dryer
(FQCMS)
Feed Quality Control and
Monitoring System for
Spray Dryer
(FQCMS)
Program used:
Turbidity.ino
PROCEDURE:
1. Upload the program to the microcontroller
2. Connect the microcontroller to the power supply
3. Connect the turbidity sensor and LCD screen to the
microcontroller
4. Prepare 15 L of mineral, distilled, purified, and pure
coconut water in separate containers with labels
4.A. For the tap water:
Expected turbidity of the liquid is 0 NTU
4.B. For the distilled water:
Expected turbidity of the liquid is 0 NTU
4.C. For the purified water:
Expected turbidity of the liquid is 0 NTU
4.D. For the coconut water (3000 NTU, 2000 NTU, 1000 NTU):
Expected turbidity can be calculated using the formulas:
Sample weight − Filter weight 𝑚𝑔
𝑇𝑆𝑆 = ,
SampleVolume 𝐿
coconut
2000 1661.47 83.07
water
mineral
0 0 100
water
purified
0 0 100
water
distilled
0 0 100
water
Average: 92.57
EXPERIMENT 2: MINIMUM TURBIDITY TEST
Objective:
• To determine the minimum allowable turbidity that can pass through the system
Materials:
1. Power Source
2. Feed Quality Control and Monitoring System (FQCMS)
3. 15 L of coconut water, orange, lemon, apple juice
4. 60 g of grounded coconut meat, blended apple, orange and lemon pulps
5. Strainer (100 mesh)
6. Weighing Scale
7. FIC-given Data Chart
Program Used: Turbidity.ino
PROCEDURE:
1. Upload the program to the microcontroller of the
FQCMS
2. Prepare the sample juices in separate containers
3. Pour the apple juice into Liquid Container 1 of the
FQCMS
4. Turn on FQCMS
5. On the keypad, press the “#” key to start the operation
6. Record the turbidity value displayed on the LCD display
7. Get the trapped solution from the p-trap and put into
a separate container
8. Filter the trapped solution with the strainer and weigh
the filtered solid
9. Record the weight of the filtered solid
10.Repeat procedures 3 to 9
11.Repeat procedures 3 – 10 for 5 trials
12.Calculate the total average weight and turbidity
values
13.Refer to FIC given data, calculate the percent error
and accuracy using the formulas:
Iterations
Weight Turbidity FQCMS method: Taken as separate occasion
(g) (NTU) assuming at full load of 15L
0 500 22315.57 Weight Turbidity
Iterations
1 465 20806.41 (g) (NTU)
2 430 19293.17 0 60 2884.19
3 395 17775.64
1 52.45 2726.07
4 360 16253.37
2 44.90 2527.21
5 325 14725.89
6 290 13192.62
7 255 11652.82
8 220 10105.56 Method Average Turbidity (NTU)
9 185 8549.59 FIC 2184.92
10 150 6983.20
FQCMS 2527.21
11 115 5403.80
12 80 3807.15 Accuracy: 84.33 %
13 45 2184.92
14 10 511.31
EXPERIMENT 3: SYSTEM EFFICIENCY TEST
Objective:
• To determine the efficiency of the system
Materials:
1. Feed Quality Control and Monitoring System (FQCMS)
2. 15 L of juices in separate containers (apple, lemon, orange, and
coconut)
3. Strainer (100 mesh)
4. Timer
5. FIC Given Data
Program used:
final_code_hopefully_v3.0.ino
PROCEDURE:
Manual Processing (FIC Method):
1. Prepare the juices in separate containers
2. Start the timer
3. Strain the sample juice using strainer
4. Repeat procedure 3 for two more times
5. Stop timer and record duration
6. Repeat procedures 2 – 5 for other juices
FQCMS Processing:
1. Upload the program to the microcontroller of the FQCMS
2. Prepare the juices in separate containers
3. Start the timer
4. Pour the apple juice into the Liquid Container 1 of FQCMS and wait
until the LCD displays “PROCESS COMPLETE”
5. Stop the timer and record the duration
6. Dispose of the used sample and pour cleaning solution into FCQMS
for internal fixture cleaning
7. Repeat procedure 2 – 5 for 5 trials
8. Repeat the procedures 1-6 using a different juice sample (orange,
lemon, and coconut)
Comparing the two processes
1. Take the average time of every sample in system
processing and record the value
2. Get the overall average time of system processing
3. Get the overall average time of manual processing
4. Calculate efficiency using the formula: