NANO & TECHNOLOGY

• It simple terms it means “making small stuff do big

things”.

• A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system,

equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9).
 DEFINITION

• Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of

matter on an atomic, molecular,
and supramolecular scale.

• A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter, roughly the

width of three or four atoms. The average human
hair is about 25,000 nanometers wide.

• Ability to image, measure,model, and manipulate

matter at the nanoscale to exploit the new
properties and functions found at that scale.
 HISTORY

• The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the

famous professor of physics Dr. Richard P.Feynman.
Later also got a noble prize in physics for his
research.

• Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in

1981 and the discovery of fullerene(C60) in 1985
lead to the emergence of nanotechnology.
 CARBON NANOTUBE

• Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon with a

cylindrical nanostructure.
• Properties
i. Highest strength to weight ratio, helps in creating light
weight spacecrafts.
ii. Easily penetrate membranes such as cell walls. Helps in
cancer treatment.
iii. Electrical resistance changes significantly when other
molecules attach themselves to the carbon atoms. Helps
in developing sensors that can detect chemical vapours.
 NANORODS(QUANTUM DOTS)

• Nanorods are one morphology of nanoscale objects.

• Dimensions range from 1–100 nm.
• They may be synthesized from metals or semiconducting
materials.
• A combination of ligands act as shape control agents
and bond to different facets of the nanorod with
different strengths. This allows different faces of the
nanorod to grow at different rates, producing an
elongated object.

USES:
 In display technologies, changes can be made in the
orientation with an applied electric field.(Manipulation of
shape)
 NANOBOTS

• Close to the scale of 10-9.

• Largely in R&d phase .
• Nanobots of 1.5 nanometers across, capable of
counting specific molecules in a chemical sample.
• Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size, it would
probably be necessary for very large numbers of them
to work together to perform microscopic and
macroscopic tasks.
• Capable of replication using environmental resources .

Application:
 Detection of toxic components in environment.
 In drug delivery.
 Biomedical instrumention.
 BASIC DAILY APPLICATIONS

Nanoscale additives to or surface treatments of

fabrics : Resist wrinkling, staining, and bacterial
growth.

Clear nanoscale films : eyeglasses, computer and

camera displays, windows, and other surfaces can
make them water- and residue-repellent,
antireflective, self-cleaning, resistant to ultraviolet or
infrared light, antifog, antimicrobial, scratch-
resistant, or electrically conductive.
• Flexible, bendable, foldable, roll able, and
stretchable electronics, Foldable mobiles, luggage ,
hard sheets, glasses, TV, all solid materials.

• Light weighting of cars, trucks, airplanes, boats, and

space craft could lead to significant fuel savings.

Carbon nanotube sheets are now being produced for

use in next-generation air vehicles.
ELECTRONIC AND IT APPLICATIONS

• Using magnetic random access memory (MRAM),

computers will be able to “boot” almost instantly,
can quickly and effectively save data during a
system shutdown or enable resume‐play features.

• Ultra-high definition displays and televisions

producing more vibrant colors while being more
energy efficient. .Foldable t.v’s.
 MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE
APPLICATIONS
• Can target cancer cells.

• Diagnosis and treatment of blockage in arteries,

through nanobots.

• 3D PRINTING: Restorative artificial body parts, like

bones, teeths, organs, spinal cord injuries etc.
 ENERGY APPLICATIONS

• FUEL PRODUCTION : higher-efficiency combustion and

decreased friction.
• WIRES : Researchers are developing wires containing carbon
nanotubes , thus reducing energy transmission loss.
• Solar panels to convert sunlight to electricity more efficiently,
promising inexpensive solar power in the future.

Paper like, lightweight solar panels, foldalble, rolled , self

repairable glasses.
PAINT LIKE SOLAR PANELS.

• BATTERIES : Develop many new kinds of batteries that are

quicker-charging, more efficient.
 DEFENCE SECTOR

• Bullet proof jackets – for our defence personnels,

lightweight, hard.
• Development of restricted explosives.
eco-friendly explosives.
• Nano sensors : record slightest of activity, energy. In
ground, rat burrows, undetectable to other radars,
and machines.
• Multi purpose weapons : suitcase into gun into
grenade into body armour.
Ex: Iron man suit
 PITFALLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungs
and digestive system, thus creating free radicals that can
cause cell damage.
• Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able
to cross the blood-brain barrier.
• The most dangerous Nano-application use for military
purposes is the Nano-bomb that contain engineered self
multiplying deadly viruses that can continue to wipe out a
community, country or even a civilization.
• Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be big
threat for GRAY GOO.
(Gray goo is a hypothetical global catastrophic
scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-
control self-replicating machines consume all biomass
on Earth while building more of themselves,)