OXIDATION REDUCTION

REACTION

Campanero • Capesino • Daiz • Tabalno

• In the chemical reaction, oxidation
reaction and reduction reaction always
occur together, it is called oxidation
reduction reaction abbreviated as redox
reaction.
• In the redox reaction occurs transferring
of electrons from the substance that
undergo oxidation to the substance that
undergo reduction. Therefore, redox
reaction is also called reaction of
transferring electrons.
Special characteristic redox reaction is the
oxidation number change.
• Oxidation - losing electron , increasing
oxidation number.
• Reduction – gaining electron,
decreasing oxidation number.

• The chemical that does not espoused

oxidation number change called non-
redox reaction.
 Oxidation Number
The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an
ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred.

1. Free elements (uncombined state) have an oxidation

number of ______.

Na, Be, K, Pb, H2, O2, P4 = 0

2. In monatomic ions, the oxidation number is equal to
the __________________.

Li+, Li = +1; Fe3+, Fe = +3; O2-, O = -2

3. The oxidation number of oxygen is usually _________.
In H2O2 and O22- it is __________.
 Oxidation Number

4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is ___ except when

it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these
cases, its oxidation number is ___. (LiAlH4)

5. Group IA metals are ___, IIA metals are ___ and

fluorine is always ___.

6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a

molecule or ion is equal to ________________________.
 Balancing Redox Equations

Balance the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ by Cr2O72- in acid solution

1. Write the unbalanced equation for the reaction in ionic form.

Fe2+ + Cr2O72- Fe3+ + Cr3+

2. Separate the equation into two half-reactions.

+2 +3
Oxidation: Fe2+ Fe3+
+6 +3
Reduction: Cr2O72- Cr3+

3. Balance the atoms other than O and H in each half-reaction.

Cr2O72- 2Cr3+
 Balancing Redox Equations
4. For reactions in acid, add H2O to balance O atoms and H+ to
balance H atoms.
Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
14H+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
5. Add electrons to one side of each half-reaction to balance the
charges on the half-reaction.
Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e-
6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
6. If necessary, equalize the number of electrons in the two half-
reactions by multiplying the half-reactions by appropriate
coefficients.
6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 6e-
6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
 Balancing Redox Equations
7. Add the two half-reactions together and balance the final
equation by inspection. The number of electrons on both
sides must cancel.

Oxidation: 6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 6e-

Reduction: 6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
14H+ + Cr2O72- + 6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

8. Verify that the number of atoms and the charges are balanced.

14x1 – 2 + 6x2 = 24 = 6x3 + 2x3

9. For reactions in basic solutions, add OH- to both sides of the

equation for every H+ that appears in the final equation.
Example :
Redox Reaction
1. Reaction of copper (II) oxide with
hydrogen gas to form copper and water
vapour.
• CuO(s) + H2 (g) Cu(s) + H2O (g)

In the redox reaction :

Total number of increasing in oxidation number in
oxidation reaction = total number of decreasing in
oxidation number in reduction reaction.
Non redox reaction
• CuO(s) + HCl (g) CuCl2(aq) + H2O (l)
• Pb(NO3)2 (s) + KI (g) PbI2 (s) + KNO3 (aq)

In the non-redox reaction above, there are

no oxidation number changes of elements.
The oxidation numbers of elements in its
compound is constant.
 The reactants that involve in a redox
reaction can be differentiated into two
kinds :
• Oxidizing agent (Oxidant)
• Reducing agent (Reductant)
Oxidizing agent ( oxidant)
• A reactant that oxidizes other reactant
• A reactant that can gain electron
• A reactant that in a reaction undergoes
reduction
• A reactant that in a reaction undergoes
decreasing in oxidation number
Examples:
• Halogen, F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2
Oxygen , O2
• Cl2 (aq) + 2 e- Cl - (aq)

Cl2 is oxidizing agent (oxidant),

Because in that reaction Cl2 undergoes
reduction or decreasing in oxidation
number, from 0 to -1
Reducing Agent ( reductant)
• A substance that reduces other substances (
reactants)
• A substance that can loss electron
• A substance that in the reaction undergoes
oxidation
• A substance that undergoes increasing in
oxidation number
Example:
Hydrogen H2
Ion halides ; F- , Cl- , Br- , I-
Metals
 H2(g) 2H+ (aq) + 2 e-

H2 is reducing agent (reluctant), because

in that reaction H2 undergoes oxidation
or increasing in oxidation number, from
0 to + 1
Example Problem:
Given a redox reaction:
3S (S) + 2KClO3(S) 3SO2(g) + 2KCl(s)

a. Identify and underline, element atoms of

reactants undergo change in oxidation
number,
b. Determine the reactants that undergo
reduction-oxidation include their product,
and calculate its oxidation number change,
c. Determine the reactant behaves as oxidant
and reductant.
Answer:
a. In the redox reaction :
3 S(s) + KClO3(s) 3 SO2(g)+ 2 KCl2(g)
0 (+5) (+4) (-1)

Element atoms undergo change in oxidation

number is:
- S : oxidation number of S increases from 0
to +4
- Cl: oxidation number of Cl element atom in
KClO
 Review
• Oxidation – a species is oxidized when it
loses one or more electrons, and it is
called a reducing agent
• Reduction – a species is reduced when it
gains one or more electrons, and it is
called an oxidizing agent
• Oxidation and reduction always occur
together, never in isolation. If something
gains electrons, something else had to lose
them.