Maintenance tests

Routine Preventive Corrective Planned Predictive or

Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance condition based
maintenance
• Insulation • Oil • oil processing,
resistance sampling & • cooling fan • Vibration
Test. analysis replacement monitoring
• Winding • Electrical • leak repairs • Thermographic
resistance measurem • Replacement of faulty inspection
Test. ents part
• Turns • Oil analysis
Ration /
Voltage
ratio Test
Maintenance Tests:
• Routine Maintenance
• Preventive Maintenance
• Corrective Maintenance
• Planned Maintenance
• Predictive or condition based maintenance
Routine Tests of Transformer
 A Routine test of transformer is mainly for confirming operational performance of individual unit in a production lot. Routine tests are
carried out on every unit manufactured.
 All transformers are subjected to the following Routine tests:
•Polarity / Vector group Test.
•No-load losses and current Test.
•Short-circuit impedance and load loss Test.
•Continuity Test
•Magnetizing Current Test
•Magnetic Balance Test
•High Voltage Test.
•Dielectric tests
•Separate source AC voltage.
•Induced overvoltage.
•Lightning impulse tests.
•Test on On-load tap changers, where appropriate.
Preventive Maintenance of Transformers
 The preventative maintenance of transformer involves routine inspection, adjustment, testing, minor repairs, and special handling
instructions. In addition, the trouble-free operation of the equipment over its life is dependent upon proper installation, operation, and
maintenance.
 Preventive maintenance test usually include:
•Oil sampling & analysis(Oil quality, PCB, furan detection, moist level, etc.)
• Electrical measurements (Insulation resistance, Winding resistance, Transformer Turn Ratios, SFRA-Sweep Frequency Response Analysis,
IDAX- Tgδ, etc.)
•Accessories and protections are checked (Detection Gas Pressure Temperature, Buchholz, Thermometer & Fans) and
• Silica gel is replaced.
Predictive Maintenance
 Predictive Maintenance monitors the performance and condition of equipment or systems to detect/trend degradation.
 The goal of predictive maintenance is the ability to first predict when equipment failure could occur (based on certain factors), followed by
preventing the failure through regularly scheduled and corrective maintenance.
 Techniques include:
• Vibration monitoring
• Thermographic inspection
• Oil analysis
• Visual inspection
• Shock pulse
• Ultrasonic leak detectors
• Electrical insulation test
• Performance testing
• Wear and dimensional measurements
• Signature analysis, time and frequency domain
• Non-destructive testing: A.Ultrasonic
B. Borescope inspections
C. Eddy current
Corrective Maintenance

 Minor Work

• Corrective Maintenance is an operation carried out to restore any part of the transformer which has failed or degraded to the
point where it needs corrective action to avoid loss of performance or a major failure.
• The need for Corrective Maintenance follows the identification of an abnormal condition and excludes routine maintenance (TBM, CBM).
• Examples might Include oil processing, cooling fan replacement, leak repairs.

 Major Work
Replacement or refurbishment of major components such as bushings, tap changers or the complete cooling system to the return of the
transformer to works for replacement of the windings. Any work that involves the removal of oil from the transformer may be considered to
be major.