dr Ajar Marhaendro D

Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

2018
 Berasal dari bahasa Latin “professio” atau bahasa
Inggris “to profess”, yang maknanya “menyatakan”.
 Dari kata itu lalu muncullah istilah “profesi”, yaitu:
jenis pekerjaan spesifik yang diawali dg mengucap-
kan sumpah lebih dulu serta memiliki otonomi.
o Memerlukan extended education.
o Menguasai theoretical body of know-
 ledge (yang akan membimbing menuju norma
dan kompetensi).
o Memberikan specific service.
o Memiliki (professional) autonomy.
o Memiliki a code of ethics for practice.
 (Potter
and Perry)
o Merupakan noble profession.
o Mensyaratkan adanya kompetensi.
o Orientasi primernya lebih ditujukan untuk
 kepentingan masyarakat (altruistic).
o Wajib memperhatikan nilai-nilai dan hak-hak
 pasien, termasuk Hak Asasi Manusia.
o Terikat oleh moral, etik, hukum, dan Sumpah
 (Ahli gizi, Dr, Perawat, Bidan) sebagai social
contract.
 MENGATUR BAGAIMANA SEHARUSNYA
PARA PROFESIONAL BERSIKAP DAN BERPRILAKU
DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PROFESINYA
 - Memuat KEWAJIBAN saja !!!

 - Sanksinya berupa: kata, bahasa, isyarat sampai

pada pengasingan atau pengucilan; yang kesemuanya
merefleksikan ketidaksu-kaan atau ketidaksenangan
komunitasnya.

 - Keberlakuan & sanksinya, tidak dipaksakan.

 Beneficence
 Non - Maleficence
 Justice
 Autonomi
 Nutrition and dietetics practitioners shall:
 a. Practice using an evidence-based approach within
areas of competence, continuously develop and
enhance expertise, and recognize limitations.
 b.Demonstrate in depth scientific knowledge of food,
human nutrition and behavior.
 c. Assess the validity and applicability of scientific
evidence without personal bias.
 d. Interpret, apply, participate in and/or generate
research to enhance practice, innovation, and
discovery.
 e. Make evidence-based practice decisions, taking into
account the unique values and circumstances of the
patient/client and community, in combination with the
practitioner’s expertise and judgment.
 f. Recognize and exercise professional judgment within the
limits of individual qualifications and collaborate with
others, seek counsel, and make referrals as appropriate.
 g.Act in a caring and respectful manner, mindful of
individual differences, cultural, and ethnic diversity.
 h. Practice within the limits of their scope and collaborate
with the inter-professional team.
 a. Disclose any conflicts of interest, including any financial
interests in products or services that are recommended. Refrain
from accepting gifts or services which potentially influence or
which may give the appearance of influencing professional
judgment.
 b.Comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including
obtaining/maintaining a state license or certification if engaged
in practice governed by nutrition and dietetics statutes.
 c. Maintain and appropriately use credentials.
 d.Respect intellectual property rights, including citation and
recognition of the ideas and work of others, regardless of the
medium (e.g. written, oral, electronic).
 e. Provide accurate and truthful information in all
communications.
 f. Report inappropriate behavior or treatment of a patient/
client by another nutrition and dietetics practitioner or
other professionals.
 g.Document, code and bill to most accurately reflect the
character and extent of delivered services. Code of Ethics 2
non-malefice nce autonomy benefice nce justice A
preamble, 4 principles and 32 standards comprise the code
3
 h.Respect patient/client’s autonomy. Safeguard
patient/client confidentiality according to current
regulations and laws.
 i. Implement appropriate measures to protect personal
health information using appropriate techniques (e.g.,
encryption).
 a. Participate in and contribute to decisions that affect the
well-being of patients/clients.
 b.Respect the values, rights, knowledge, and skills of
colleagues and other professionals.
 c. Demonstrate respect, constructive dialogue, civility and
professionalism in all communications, including social
media.
 d.Refrain from communicating false, fraudulent, deceptive,
misleading, disparaging or unfair statements or claims.
 e. Uphold professional boundaries and refrain from
romantic relationships with any patients/clients,
surrogates, supervisees, or students.
 f. Refrain from verbal/physical/emotional/sexual
harassment.
 g.Provide objective evaluations of performance for
employees, coworkers, and students and candidates for
employment, professional association memberships,
awards, or scholarships, making all reasonable efforts
to avoid bias in the professional evaluation of others.
 h.Communicate at an appropriate level to promote
health literacy.
 i. Contribute to the advancement and competence of
others, including colleagues, students, and the public.
 a. Collaborate with others to reduce health disparities and
protect human rights.
 b. Promote fairness and objectivity with fair and equitable
treatment.
 c. Contribute time and expertise to activities that promote
respect, integrity, and competence of the profession.
 d.Promote the unique role of nutrition and dietetics
practitioners.
 e. Engage in service that benefits the community and to
enhance the public’s trust in the profession.
 f. Seek leadership opportunities in professional,
community, and service organizations to enhance health
and nutritional status while protecting the public.
 - Memuat KEWAJIBAN dan HAK.
 - Keberlakuan & sanksinya dapat dipaksakan.
 Etika profesi (ahli gizi, dokter, perawat, dan bidan)
mencakup kaitannya dengan:
1. People who require health care.
 (pesakit yang datang meminta pertolongan)
 2. Patients or clients.
 (pesakit yang telah menjalin perjanjian terapetik).
 3. Health care team or co-workers.
 4. Society or social context:

 5. Profession:
 (kewajiban terhadap profesinya sendiri).
 Ketika calon Klien datang meminta pertolongan
maka kewajiban professional sudah mulai muncul
kendati pesakit belum menjadi pasiennya, yakni:
 a. wajib menerima dan memperlakukan mereka dg
hormat sebagai manusia bermartabat.
b. tidak membeda-bedakan mereka berdasarkan:
 - suku bangsa;
 - ras dan warna kulit;
 - tingkat sosial;
 - pandangan politik;
 - agama atau kepercayaan; dll.
1. Memberikan layanan yang benar sesuai standar
(standard of care).
2. Menghormati hak asasi pasien sebagai manusia.
3. Menghormati hak pasien untuk menyetujui atau
tidak menyetujui tindakan medis.
4. Menghormati kerahasiaan medik pasien.
5. Memberikan informasi yang jelas dan benar.
6. Menghormati hak pasien mendapatkan second
opinion, dll.
7. Merujuk kepada ahli lain manakala tidak mampu
lagi mengatasi problem kesehatan pasien.
o Profesional tidak mungkin bisa bekerja sendirian.
o Profesional perlu bantuan professional lain.
o Profesional punya kewajiban untuk:
 tidak menjatuhkan anggota tim lain agar pasien
lebih mempercayai dirinya.
 wajib mengingatkan mereka serta mengkoreksi
jika mereka melakukan kesalahan.
 tidak menyalahkan mereka didepan pasien.
 tidak mengesampingkan atau menafikan jasa
profesional lainnya.
1. Bersikap jujur dan terbuka kepada masyarakat.
2. Mengingatkan masyarakat bila ditemukan
penyakit
yang dapat mengancam mereka.
3. Berperan aktif menyelesaikan problem
kesehatan yang dialami masyarakat.
4. Mampu meletakkan garis keseimbangan yang
adil antara social right dengan individual right
dan antara social interest dengan individual
interest.
1. Konsisten terhadap profesinya, dengan selalu
menerapkan ilmu kesehatan/kedokteran
modern.
2. Tidak menggunakan metode pengobatan yang
aneh-aneh, tidak jelas, atau tidak masuk akal.
3. Selalu meningkatkan kompetensi (medical
knowledge,
clinical skill, clinical judgement, humanistic qualiry, dan
communication skill), agar supaya dapat
memberikan layanan kesehatan sebaik-baiknya.
4. Aktif mengembangkan ilmu, dengan
 culture

10 years
behaviou
r
application

understanding

knowledge (Wilson, J,
2003)
o Merupakan noble profession.
o Mensyaratkan adanya kompetensi.
o Orientasi primernya lebih ditujukan untuk
 kepentingan masyarakat (altruistic).
o Wajib memperhatikan nilai-nilai dan hak-hak
 pasien, termasuk Hak Asasi Manusia.
o Terikat oleh moral, etik, hukum, dan Sumpah
 (Ahli gizi, Dr, Perawat, Bidan) sebagai social
contract.
SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH