The Dimensions of Language

CONTENTS

Reference & Dennotation Sense Relation Morphemes Lexical Ambiguity

Lexical and Grammatical
Connotation Homonymy and Polysemy Sentence Meaning
Meanings
 PART 01
Reference & Dennotation
Connotation
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 PART 02
Sense Relation
Lexical and Grammatical Meanings
Sense Relations

The meaning that a lexeme has because of its relationships with other
lexemes they are associated with in an utterance is the sense of that lexeme.
Syntagmatic…the relation of the lexeme with other lexemes with which it
occurs in the same phrases or sencences.
E.g :
1. A window broke.
Tom broke window.
2. A happy child, a happy family…. Who enjoys
A happy accident, a happy experience….. That produces
A happy story, a happy report…. Containing a happy event
Lexical & Grammatical Meaning

1. A referring Expression…. A piece of language that is used

as if it is linked to something outside language, some living

or dead entity or concept or group of entities or concepts.

The entity is called referent.

2. Grammatical Meanings are expressed by bound

morphemes, by function words, and by arrangement of

forms in a sentence.
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary
definition, is the meaning of the term in common usage.

*contoh lexeme :

A dog barked

* contoh gramatical

The grammatical system

of English makes possible the expression of meanings like these:
statement vs question:
A dog barked. Did a dog bark?
affirmative vs negative:
A dog barked. A dog did not bark. No dog barked.
past vs present:
A dog barked. A dog barks.
singular vs plural:
A dog barked. Some dogs barked.
indefinite vs definite:
A dog barked. The dog barked.
PART 03
Morphemes
Homonymy and Polysemy
MORPHEMES

Morpheme …. A Free morphemes … Bound Morphemes…

minimal meaningful which can occur by the ones which are
part. themselves. always attached to
something else.
Homonymy and Polysemy

HOMONYMS
two or more forms that are identical in speech (pronunciation and
spelling) but have different meanings…. different lexeme.

A Polysemous
lexeme has several (apparently) related meanings.
 PART 04
Lexical Ambiguity
Sentence Meaning
Lexical Ambiguity

What is Lexical ?

What is Ambiguity ?

What is Lexical Ambiguity ?

E x a m p l e s :

• The Old man waited at the bank for the entire morning

• What is this seaoson?

• There are a cat on the bank

THANK YOU
T H A N K S