Definition,

Importance &
Kinds of Research
 Lesson objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
● describe research experiences and knowledge;

● Explain the importance of research in daily life;

● Explain the features of scientific research;

● describe the kinds of research across fields of studys.

2
 Research
 * pertains to any systematic investigation of
any social or natural phenomena where
results and conclusions are aimed at
contributing to generaliz able knowledge.
 * A systematic investigation or inquiry,
research requires that data are collected,
analyz ed, and interpreted in order to
3
understand, describe, predict,
or control a phenomena or set
of phenomena or to empower
individuals in particular
context.

4
Research becomes scientific if it
satisfies 2 requirements;

* It contributes to a body of
science.
* It follows the scientific method.
5
 Science
● refers to any systematic and
organiz ed body of knowledge in
any area of inquiry that is
acquired using the “scientific
method”.
6
 Scientific Method
● refers to standardiz ed set of
techniques for building scientific
knowledge, such as how to make
valid observations, how to interpret
results, and how to generaliz e
those results. 7
 Two ways of conducting
Scientific research
 Inductive research- if the research's
goal “is to infer theoretical concepts
& patterns from observed data”
(theory- building research)
8
 Deductive research- if the
research's goal “is to test concepts
and patterns known from theory
using empirical data” (theory-
testing research)
9
C omparing Inductive &
Deductive Research
Stated facts or general principles
assumed to be true Deductive
Reasoning
tested by
Developing hypotheses can involve
that are accepted,
rejected, or modified Social
Science
Based on tests/experiments Reasoning
that lead to
Most specific conclusions
 More general conclusions
Social used to build or refine
Science
Reasoning Identification of themes
can involve
that leads to
In-depth data collection
Inductive
Reasoning
explored to
Observation of specific cases
assumed to be RELEVANT
“ * Inductive or theory building
research
(qualitative research)
eductive or theory-testing
research
(quantitative research)
13
“ aims at testing existing
theories or generating new
theories to advance
knowledge or understanding .

14
“ uses
knowledge acquired through
research in order to
contribute directly to the
understanding or resolution
of practical issues.

15
Basic and Applied Research Compared
Basic Applied
Research Research
Primary When it When it
criterion discovers new contributes to the
of phenomena or solution of specific
success new ideas of practical problems
general interest
16
Basic and Applied Research Compared
Basic Research Applied Research
Aim of Theoretical, to improve Funded by the
Research general government agencies,
understanding... private firms, non-
But it is, of course, not govermental interest
accidental that organizations,. to further
improved their respective purposes
understanding of the in terms of social &
world increases our medical
ability to act rationally
and efficiently. 17
 3 Types or Categories of
Scientific Research
● Exploratory research-seeks to
investigates an underresearched
aspect of social life;
● Descriptive research-seeks to richly
describe an aspect of social life.
18
 Explanatory
research- seeks to
explain an aspect of
social life.
19
Basic and Applied Research Compared
Basic Research Applied Research
Aim of Theoretical, to improve Funded by the
Research general government agencies,
understanding... private firms, non-
But it is, of course, not govermental interest
accidental that organizations,. to further
improved their respective purposes
understanding of the in terms of social &
world increases our medical
ability to act rationally
and efficiently. 20
The Components of
the Research
Process
21
Research
interest- L iterature
Review

driven &
problem- Research Methodology

solving Research
D esign

activity
22
What is it that you want to
find out or discover about this
phenomenon or set of
phenomena that you are
interested in?

23
Exploring aing research questions
for further investigation is the
first step to doing research.

What are research questions

24
These are 'specific questions about a
behavior, event, or phenomena of
interest that you wish to seek answers
for in your research” and “can delve
into issues of what, why, how, when,
and so forth' (Ibid, 21 )
25
Y our research questions are framed
based on the purpose of your
research? Will you conduct an
exploratory or descriptive or
explanatory research?

26
Examples of research questions include:
 * What factors motivate students to
engage in extreme sports?
 * Why do women's groupsvary in
terms of their impact on
policymaking?
 * How can universities guarantee
academic freedom?
27
Your research question must
be, first and foremost,
important & relevant!
-S ome questions you must address
relating to your research question or
questions are the following;
28
1. Is the research significant in
relation to the current problems
of the world?
2. Will the research build upon
existing knowledge about the
phenomenon?
3. Will the research apply, test, or
develop theories? 29
These questions would require you
to conduct a literature review.
A literature review has a three-fold purpose, namely,
1 . to survey the current state of knowledge in the
area of inquiry,
2. to identify key authors, articles, theories, and
findings in that area,
3. to identify gaps in knowledge in that research
area. 30
31
😉
Thanks!
Any questions?
32