Management and The Manager's Job

Management and the Manager’s Job
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What is Organization?
• Organization can be defined as a group of

people working together in a structured and
coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals.
• Therefore, Organizations must have these four
factors:
– Objective
– People
– Structure
– Technology
Meaning of Management
• Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a

very popular and widely used term.
• All organizations - business, political, cultural or
social are involved in management because it is
the management which helps and directs the
various efforts towards a definite purpose.
• According to F. W. Taylor, “ Management is
knowing exactly what you want men to do and
then seeing that they do it in the best and
cheapest way.”
Meaning of Management
• According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of

getting things done through and with the people in
formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an
environment in which people can perform and individuals
and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals”.
• According to Ricky W. Griffin, “ Management can be
defined as a set of activities including planning,
organizing, leading and controlling directed at an
organization’s resources ( Human, financial, physical,
and information) with the aim of achieving organizational
goals in an efficient and effective manner.
Management is management of 6 Ms
• Man
• Machine
• Material
• Money
• Method
• Market
Functions of Management
1. Planning: It is the basic function of

management.
• It deals with chalking out a future course of
action and deciding in advance the most
appropriate course of actions for achievement of
pre-determined goals.
• According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in
advance – what to do, when to do and how to
do. It bridges the gap from where we are and
where we want to be”.
2. Organizing: Organizing is the process of

arranging and allocating resources necessary to
achieve organizational objectives.
• It is the process of bringing together physical,
financial and human resources and developing
productive relationship amongst them for
achievement of organizational goals.
• Organizing as a process involves:

– Identification of activities.
– Classification of grouping of activities.
– Assignment of duties.
– Delegation of authority and creation of
responsibility.
– Coordinating authority and responsibility
relationships.
3. Staffing: It is the function of manning the

organization structure and keeping it manned.
• Staffing has assumed greater importance in the
recent years due to advancement of technology,
increase in size of business, complexity of
human behavior etc. The main purpose o
staffing is to put right man on right job.
• Staffing involves:
– Manpower Planning (estimating man power in
terms of searching, choose the person and giving
the right place).
– Recruitment, selection & placement.
– Training & development.
– Remuneration.
– Performance appraisal.
– Promotions & transfer.
4. Leading: The set of process of influencing
people to have desired behavior necessary to
achieve organizational objective.
5. Controlling: It is a regulatory function.
Controlling ensures that activities are running
according to the plans made.
• It implies measurement of accomplishment
against the standards and correction of
deviation if any to ensure achievement of
organizational goals. The purpose of controlling
is to ensure that everything occurs in
conformities withwww.AssignmentPoint.com
the standards.
Levels of Management
Top Level
Management
Middle Level
Management
Lower level or First line

Management
Levels of Management
• Three distinct levels of management- Top level,

Mid level and lower level- are usually portrayed
as a managerial hierarchy. This hierarchy
depicts chain of command.
• Chain of command means the channel in which
communication, coordination, and control
flow through the various levels of management
to subordinates.
Top Level Management
• Top level management: At the top of the

management pyramid sits the president or Chief
executive officer and other managers engaged
primarily in charting the overall mission, strategy
and objectives of the business.
• Top managers are responsible for the
management of the entire organization. They
must have the capacity to think in advance.
• Number of top managers in an organization is
usually the smallest.
Roles of Top Level Management
– Top management lays down the objectives

and broad policies of the enterprise.
– It prepares strategic plans & policies for the
enterprise and provides guidance and
direction.
– It appoints the executive for middle level i.e.
departmental managers.
– It controls & coordinates the activities of all
the departments.
– It is also responsible for maintaining a
contact with the outside world.
Mid Level Management
• Mid Level Managers: Executives beneath the

top level management are known as mid level
managers. They play a vital role in an
organization.
• The success of the organization largely depends
on the performance of this mid level
managements.
• Here managers play a diversified role as they
virtually the communicators, translators,
coordinators and compromisers.
Roles of Mid Level Management
– They make plans for the sub-units of the

organization.
– They participate in employment and training of
lower level management.
– They interpret and explain policies from top level
management to lower level.
– They are responsible for coordinating the activities
within the division or department.
– It also sends important reports and other
important data to top level management.
– They evaluate performance of junior managers.
Lower Level Management
• Lower level Management: Managers at the

lowest level in the hierarchy are known as lower
level managers.
• They are directly responsible for the work of
operating people, that is, non-managerial
people.
• The main job of lower level executive is to
supervise and control the activities of non-
managerial people.
Roles of Lower Level Management
– Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.

– They guide and instruct workers for day to day
activities and provide training to them.
– They are responsible for the quality as well as
quantity of production.
– They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
– They prepare periodical reports about the
performance of the workers.
– They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
– They motivate workers.
Managerial Roles
• Interpersonal Roles: Roles of managers that

assume to coordinate and interact with
employees and provide direction to the
organization.
• It is the role of figurehead, leader and liaison,
which involve dealing with other people.
• Informational role: it is those managerial
roles that involve receiving, collecting, and
disseminating information.
Managerial Roles
• Decisional role: The decisional roles involve

around making choices. The manager takes
information from various sources, interject a
personal opinion, consider the present situation,
analyze the resource available and tie this all
together before reaching a decision.
Managerial Skills
• Management skill is the ability to use

knowledge, behaviors and aptitudes to perform
tasks. Skills are learned and developed with
experience.
• Robert Katz classified management skills as-
– Technical skills
– Human relation skills
– Conceptual skills
Managerial Skills
 Technical skill is the ability to use a procedure or a

technique. It explains the knowledge and proficiency in
any type of technique. These are the skills involved in
making a product or service. This type of skills are
specially important for first line management level.
 Human relations skills are the ability to relate and
interact with subordinates, peers, superiors and
customers.
 Conceptual skills are the managers’ ability to organize
and integrate information to better understand the
organization as a whole. These are especially important
at the top level management.
Features of Management
• Management is goal oriented: The success

of any management activity is accessed by its
achievement of the predetermined goals or
objective.
• Management integrates Human, Physical
and Financial Resources: In an organization,
human beings work with non-human resources
like machines, materials, financial assets,
buildings etc. Management integrates human
efforts to those resources. It brings harmony
among the human, physical and financial
resources.
• Management is Continuous: Management is

an ongoing process. It involves continuous
handling of problems and issues. It is concerned
with identifying the problem and taking
appropriate steps to solve it.
• Management is all Pervasive: Management
is required in all types of organizations whether
it is political, social, cultural or business because
it helps and directs various efforts towards a
definite purpose. Thus clubs, hospitals, political
parties, colleges, hospitals, whether it is a small
business firm which may be engaged in trading

or a large firm like Tata Iron & Steel,
management is required everywhere irrespective
of size or type of activity.
• Management is a Group Activity:
Management is very much less concerned with
individual’s efforts. It is more concerned with
groups.
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Management and the Manager’s Job

• Organization can be defined as a group of

• Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a

• According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of

1. Planning: It is the basic function of

2. Organizing: Organizing is the process of

• Organizing as a process involves:

3. Staffing: It is the function of manning the

Lower level or First line

• Three distinct levels of management- Top level,

• Top level management: At the top of the

– Top management lays down the objectives

• Mid Level Managers: Executives beneath the

– They make plans for the sub-units of the

• Lower level Management: Managers at the

– Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.

• Interpersonal Roles: Roles of managers that

• Decisional role: The decisional roles involve

• Management skill is the ability to use

 Technical skill is the ability to use a procedure or a

• Management is goal oriented: The success

• Management is Continuous: Management is

business firm which may be engaged in trading

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