“Art when really understood is the province

of every human being. It is simply a question

of doing things, anything, well. It is not an
outside, extra thing. When the artist is alive
in any person, whatever his kind of work may
be, he becomes an inventive, searching,
daring, self-expressing creature. He becomes
interesting to other people. He disturbs,
upsets, enlightens, and he opens ways for a
better understanding. Where those who are
not artists are trying to close the book he
opens it, shows there are more pages
possible.” – Robert Henri’s The Art Spirit
(1923)
 Discovery of the Cave Paintings (Stone Age)
“These first artists invented a way to get the three-dimensional world into two
dimensions and attach value to their own ideas. And all of the history of art flows forth
from this invention.” – Art Critic Jerry Saltz (2016)

 Bronze Age – Middle Ages

- man continued to utilize his surroundings to create varying expressions of his
ideas and feelings

 21st Century – Creativity

“The real controlling resource & the absolutely decisive factor of production is
neither capital not land nor labor. It is knowledge. Instead of capitalists and proletarians,
the classes of the post capitalist society are the knowledge workers and the service
workers.” – Peter Drucker’s seminal book Post-Capitalist Society (1993)
 Difference between Artist and
Artisans
Artisan - is essentially a manual Artist - is dedicated only to the
worker who makes items with his or her creative side, making visually pleasing work
hands, and who through skill, experience and only for the enjoyment and appreciation of
talent can create things of great beauty as the viewer, but with no functional value.
well as being functional.
 Craftsmen and builders in the past did not
have sophisticated terminologies and
principles that architects and engineers
abide by today.

 Cologne Cathedral – example of Gothic

architecture
- master mason
Gerhard Ryle started the project in 1248 but
was only completed roughly 600 years later,
claiming the record as one of the longest
construction projects to date
-Born: May 21, 1471, Imperial Free
City of Nürnberg [Germany]
-Died: April 6, 1528, Nürnberg
-a painter and printmaker generally
regarded as the greatest German
Renaissance artist
-his vast body of work includes
altarpieces and religious works,
numerous portraits and self-portraits,
and copper engravings
-his father was a goldsmith; that is why
he also apprenticed as such but later on
shifted to the visual arts
-his life was ripe with travels, fame and
fortune
 The culture of artisans became prevalent in the Philippines as well, particularly during
the Spanish colonial period.
 Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave images for
churches and public sites.
 Project Kisame is a collective endeavour amongst enthusiasts & advocates who aimed
to promote this art form through documentation, engagement, and appreciation of
surviving ceiling paintings in more than 60 churches in the Philippines.
 Genres of Painting:
 Tipos del pais – watercolour paintings that showcased the different local inhabitants
of the country in different garbs, and clues to their occupation and status
 Letras y figuras – combined the principle of tipos del pais and incorporated it as a
means to illustrate the letters of one’s name or surname
 Before the Renaissance Period, artworks were left unsigned.
 Artists claiming authorship for their works by affixing their mark
onto the surfaces of their paintings were a big milestone in the
history of the artist.
 A very personal space for the artist himself ; is an extension of the
artist himself – Studio
 Work stations were segmented into two: studiolo and bottega
 Working boards (board of trustees)
 Directors and assistant directors
 Curators – research and write, as an arbiter of design & layout, and
deciding for the display & hanging of materials for exhibition
 Institutional Curators – typically affiliated with museums & galleries
 Independent/ Freelance Curators – have the leeway to move around
various projects, platforms, and art spaces in a multiplicity of terms
 Artist manager for independent artists
 Buyers – are those who initially assess and survey the artwork that
collectors are interested in; it is their role to oversee the sale of the
artwork, on behalf of the collector who may either be too busy or
who would rather keep his identity hidden
 Collectors – someone who not only appreciates art but knows art,
understands its behaviour & patterns, becoming a key player in
making or breaking an artist’s career or shaping the course of a
museum’s collection (through pledges of support & donation)
 Art Dealers – are those whose direct hand is in the distribution &
circulation of the artworks through a variety of means, such as direct
sales, through galleries, and the more recent player in the
Philippines, auction houses.
• The artist always
begins with an idea 2.Production
that he wants to
express/communicat
e with his audience • The execution of the art
may take a variety of • Once an artwork is
• It may not formats finished, it will be then
necessarily be fully be decided on how it
formulated, and so • Some artworks rely on a
will be circulated not
some form of precise and skilled only in the art world
exposure, research, execution, while others but the many publics
and other approaches need only intuition & a • These may include
may be explored to kind of judiciousness in allowing the artwork
get the idea long the manipulation of to set, tweaking the
before actually material artwork, preparing the
artwork for transport
making the artwork and display, and even
the promotion and
inclusion of the
artwork in
1.Preproduction publications or
discussions

3.Postproduction
-is the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by
the use of pigments.
-is the art of putting together small pieces of colored stones or
glass called “tesserae” to create image.
-is an important feature of Byzantine churches

-is usually done on paper using pencil, pen and ink or

charcoal
-is the most fundamental of all skills necessary in arts
 -is anything printed on a surface that is a direct
result from the duplication process

-is a surface printing done from an almost smooth surface which has
been treated chemically or mechanically so that some surface areas
will print & others will not

-materials available for sculpture are limitless

-is the art of designing a building and supervising
its construction
-may also be regarded as the procedure assisted
with the conception of an idea & its realization in
terms of building materials
-is producing shelter to serve as protection of
men in carrying out his activities – work,
recreation & sleep

CLASSIFICATION OF
ARCHITECTURAL
MATERIALS:
 Materials in Nature
 Materials Manufactured by Man
 Indigenous Materials
 - Music is an art. Culture is reflected in art. The more music a
man knows, the more cultured he becomes.
- Deals with sound

-is the oldest and most natural form of music

-voice is produced by the vibrations of the vocal chords in the voice box
CLASSIFICATION OF VOICE CLASSIFICATION :
VOCAL MUSIC:  Women’s Voices
 Long Vocal Forms  Soprano
 Opera  Alto / Contralto
 Cantata  Men’s Voices
 Oratorio  Tenor
 Moro – moro  Baritone
 Zarzuela  Bass
 Short Vocal Forms
Classified into:
1. Sonata
2. Suite
3. Symphony
4. Concerto
5. Chamber Music
-the medium of literature is language
-each part of the world has literature
written in its own language
-literature written in languages like
French, Chinese, Italian, German or
Russian are most often translated to
English to facilitate wider reach and
distribution. However, no matter how
beautiful a translation is, it can never
capture the original beauty of a
manuscript. No translation is ever more
than an approximation of the original.
 One of the most common platforms to engage with the art is through
exhibitions either at museums or galleries.
 The exhibition process is an intricate sequence of events made possible by
multiple individuals and groups within and outside the artist and staff
 Aside from exhibitions, other opportunities for art engagement transpire in
the classroom (instruction); studio visits; lectures, workshops, and other
events that augment the exhibitions (programs); auction sales; art fairs,
biennials and triennials; and other larger showings of not only artworks but
also where art personalities can flex their influence and authority
 Publications are also a good way to introduce the artwork and opens it up for
appreciation, critique and analysis
 The two major awards given to artists in the Philippines are the Orden ng Pambansang
Alagad ng Sining (Order of National Artists) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(National Living Treasures Award)
Order of National Artists - is the highest national recognition
given to Filipino individuals who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine arts; namely,
music, dance, theatre, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts,
and architecture and allied arts.
- is jointly administered by the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the
President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both
instituitions

Fernando Amorsolo – 1st recipient of this award

- was touted as the “Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art”
- was the sole awardee in the year 1972
- a National Artist for Visual Arts

Honors and Privileges of National Artist:

1. The rank and title, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines
2. A medallion or insignia and a citation that will be read during the conferment
3. Cash awards and a host benefits (monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life
insurance coverage)
4. A state funeral & burial at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani (Heroes Cemetery)
5. A place of honor or designated area during national state functions, along with recognition or
acknowledgement at cultural events
The country’s 7 new National Artists are:

Larry Alcala, National Artist for Visual Arts

Editorial cartoonist and illustrator Alcala’s pen brought to life the cartoon series Slice of Life in
the Weekend Magazine, Mang Ambo in the Weekly Graphic, and Kalabog en Bosyo, the first
comic strip where characters spoke in Taglish. His many works portrayed the idiosyncracies of
the Filipino, especially our ability to laugh at ourselves in the face of great adversity, as
personified in the character of Mang Ambo. The two detectives in Kalabog en Bosyo were
brought to the big screen and played by comedians Dolphy and Panchito in a film by Sampaguita
Pictures. Alcala died in 2002 at the age of 75.
Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio, National Artist for Theater
For her work in writing plays, promoting children’s theater, and puppetry, Bonifacio has been
called the “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian Children’s Theater.” She has penned 40 plays, 20
books, and 30 stories, according to panitikan.ph, and was chairperson of the University of the
Philippines’ Creative Writing Program. She founded Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas, a children’s
theater and puppetry troupe based in UP.
Ryan Cayabyab, National Artist for Music
“Mr C” is perhaps the most famous Filipino composer in recent history. He has composed
musical scores for award-winning films, 10 full-length Filipino musicals, full-length ballets, a
major opera, and a plethora of songs, including beloved classics like “Tuwing Umuulan at
Kapiling Ka” and “Da Coconut Nut.” A force for original Pilipino music, he has spearheaded the
Philippine Popular Music Festival and served as judge in talent shows, like Philippine
Idol and Philippine Dream Academy. He leads the 7-member Ryan Cayabyab Singers.
Francisco ‘Bobby’ Mañosa, National Artist for Architecture
If Mañosa is a name unknown to you, the same likely cannot be said of his iconic works. The architect known for
his modern interpretation of Philippine architectural design and use of indigenous materials is behind the Coconut
Palace, world-famous Amanpulo Resort in Palawan, Pearl Farm in Samal Island, Shangri-La Hotel in Mactan,
and the San Miguel building in Mandaluyong, among others. For his pioneering vision and promotion of
indigenous Filipino architecture, Mañosa has garnered many accolades, both locally and internationally.
Resil Mojares, National Artist for Literature
Mojares is a multi-awarded writer, historian, and literary critic. His works includeOrigins and Rise of the Filipino
Novel, The War Against the Americans, and books about eminent Filipinos, such as Vicente Sotto, Pedro Paterno,
Isabelo delos Reyes, and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. He has won several National Book Awards from the Manila
Critics Circle and founded the Cebuano Studies Center, a library and research center dedicated to Cebuano
culture and history.
Ramon Muzones, National Artist for Literature
Muzones is the preeminent name in West Visayan fiction. He is best known for his Hiligaynon
novel Margosatubig: The Story of Salagunting, about a fictional Muslim state in Mindanao and the struggles of
its hero, Salagunting, to wrest it from the clutches of usurpers. A tale that combines intrigue, romance, pre-
colonial lore, fantasy, and adventure, it unfolded as a series in the Hiligaynon magazine Yuhum. In 1989, he
received the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, an award given every 3 years to artists whose works have enriched their
art form. His proclamation as National Artist is posthumous as Muzones died in 1992.
Kidlat Tahimik, National Artist for Cinema
Widely regarded as the father of independent Philippine cinema, Kidlat Tahimik (real name: Eric de Guia) is
known for creating films that humorously but evocatively critique neocolonialism. A native of Baguio City,
Tahimik has garnered numerous international and local awards for his films. His first, Perfumed
Nightmare (1977), won the International Critics Award at the Berlin Film Festival. He has gone on to inspire
generations of Filipino filmmakers to forge on with their independent vision, regardless of commercial
considerations. In 2009, he received the UP Gawad Plaridel Award, the University of the Philippines’ highest
award recognizing achievements in media.
 Gawad ng Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living
Treasures Award
– was created in 1992 under RA No. 7355
- under the jurisdiction of the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
- First conferred to 3 outstanding artists in music and
poetry back in 1993
 Ginaw Bilog – master of the Ambahan poetry
 Masino Intaray – master of various traditional
musical instruments of the Palawan people
 Samaon Sulaiman – master of the kutyapi and
other instruments

 Citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have been
passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community with the
same degree of technical and artistic competence (NCCA,2015)
Incentive accorded to the awardee:
1. A specially designed gold medallion
2. An initial grant of Php. 100,000 and Php. 10,000 monthly stipend for life (this was later
increased to Php. 14,000)
3. Benefits such as a maximum cumuative amount of Php.750, 000 medical and
hospitalization benefits
4. Funeral assistance / tribute fit for a National Living Treasure
The 3 National Living Treasures are:

Yabing Masalon Dulo, B’laan ikat weaver

Yabing Dulo, also known as Fu Yabing, is a master of the craft of Mabal Tabih, a craft
belonging to the B’laan tribe in Polomolok, South Cotabato. She learned the craft at the age
of 10. Tabih is a woven textile made from abaca and natural dyes. Spiritually important to the
B’laan, Tabih is used to make blankets, traditional skirts, and long-sleeved blouses. It makes
use of designs inspired from nature or dreams.

Ambalang Ausalin, Yakan weaver

Apuh Ambalang, as she is called, is famous in her hometown of Lamitan and beyond for her
mastery of even the most intricate of Yakan weaving styles. She is particularly unique for her
seputangan creations. Seputangan is a special cloth placed on the shoulders of brides and
grooms during weddings and boasts intricate designs. Apuh Ambalang can execute even the
smallest designs, from the dawen-dawen (leaf-like) to the dinglu or mata (diamond/eye)
patterns.

Estelita Bantilan, B’laan mat weaver

Bantilan, who hails from Sarangani, is recognized for her exemplary execution of B’laan mat
or igem weaving techniques. B’laan mats, created using only deft hands, feature brilliantly-
colored geometric designs and patterns made from dyed leaf strips.