Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SLAC
SLAC
as in jam
Laterals
Passage of the air stream by the
sides of the tongue
/l/ as in late, lounge
Nasal
Blocking of the air stream, then
expelling it through the nasal
cavity.
/m/ as in met
/n/ as in net
as in drink
Manner of
Articulation
Dorso
Apico
Labio
Lamino
Place of articulation
Alveolar ridge Lingua-dental
Bilabial Lingua-palatal
Glottal Lingua-velar
Hard palate Soft palate
Labio-dental
Vocal cords
Lingua-alveolar
Place of
Articulation
Alveolarridge
Hard ridge behind the
upper front teeth,
between the roof of the
mouth and the upper
teeth.
Alveolar
ridge
Bilabial
Upper lip and lower lip
(almost touching one
another)
Bilabial
Glottal
Opening of the vocal
cords
Glottal
Labio-dental
Lower lip touching the
upper teeth
Labio-
dental
Phonemics is used for the study of speech
sounds as perceived by speakers of particular
language
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds in a
language
Articulatory phonetics = how speech
sounds are produced (speech production)
Acoustical phonetics = how speech sounds
are transmitted from producer to perceiver
(speech acoustics)
Auditory phonetics = how speech sounds
are perceived (speech perception)
Phonological Awareness
Understanding that spoken
language can be broken into
smaller units:
Sentences into words
Words into syllables
Syllables into onset-rimes
Words/syllables into phonemes
34
“The tiger jumps across the river”
(sentence)
The tiger jumps across the river”
(words)
The ti-ger jumps a-cross the ri-ver”
(syllables)
35
Tonal Examples
STRESS banana
IE
BE
AE
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet
A universal system that indicates
pronunciation in all languages.
The same symbol always stands for the
same sound, the same sound is always
represented by the same symbol, whether
it be in English, French, Spanish, Italian,
etc.
Phonetic Alphabet
•In a phonetic alphabet, sounds and symbols have a
one-to-one relationship to each other
• Each symbol represents one sound
• Each sound is represented by one symbol
• The use of a phonetic alphabet to represent
speech is called phonetic transcription.
• Our phonetic alphabet of choice:
• The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
Diacritic Marks
41
42
Long i
Short i
Long e
Short e
Short a
Italian a
schwa
Circumflex
o
Long o
Short u
Long u
Diphthongs
Plan = short a
Plane = long e
Tim = short i
Time = long e
Cap = short a
Cape = long e
Hop = circumflex o
Hope = long o
Bit = short i
Bite = Diphthong
Rip = short i
Ripe = Diphthing
Long i
Short i
Long e
Short e
Short a
Italian a
Circumflex o
Long o
Short u
Long u