DATA MINING

IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE A DATA SET

MANAHIL NASIR 2016-CS-610
HADIA ILYAS 2016-CS-615
ZEESHAN ASHRAF 2016-CS-633
NUMAN ASLAM 2016-CS-635
USHNA KHAIQ 2016-CS-658
WHAT THE DATA ABOUT?
SONAR

• Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging

• Sound propagation technology

• Used in underwater navigation, communication and

detection of submarine objects
SONAR DATASET
• Sonar signals bouncing off from the rock or mine under the water

• Objects under water give the strength of sonar returns at different angles.

• Signals obtained from a variety of different aspect angles spanning

180 degrees for the rock

90 degrees for the mine

DATA VARIABLES
• Number of examples: 208

• Input variables: 60 (Numeric)

 Range: 0.0 to 1.0
 Represent energy within particular frequency band

• Output variable: 1 (Nominal)

 Rock: 111 patterns obtained by bouncing off signals from rock
 Mine: 97 patterns obtained by bouncing off signals from mine
WHAT TYPE OF BENEFIT YOU MIGHT TO HOPE GET
FROM DATA MINING?
RECOGNIZING SURFACE TYPE
• Recognizing the type of surface

• Determine whether signal bounced by object or a submarine

• Help in modern warfare

DEPTH OF OCEAN
• Finding the bottom depth of the ocean

• Predict the depth of the ocean will increase or decrease.

OBJECT TYPES
• Find out what kind of objects underneath the ocean.

• Predict about the object in the bottom of the ocean.

DISASTER PREVENTION
• Data mining technique has been applied in sonar signal form the disaster
prevention.

• By using the historical data of bottom imaging taken by sonar we can monitor the
change in the bottom that predict about

the disaster will occur or not and

the size of it.
WHAT TYPE OF DATA MINING YOU THINK WOULD BE
RELEVANT?
DATA MINING TASKS

There are two types of data mining tasks

• Predictive data mining

• Descriptive data mining

 PREDICTIVE VS DESCRIPTIVE DATA MINING (CONT.)

PREDICTIVE DATA MINING DESCRIPTIVE DATA MINING

• It identifies, what happened in the past by

• It describes, what can happen in the
analyzing stored data.
future with the help past data analysis.
• Provide accurate data(trained dataset)
• Produce results does not ensure accuracy
 PREDICTIVE VS DESCRIPTIVE DATA MINING
PREDICTIVE DATA MINING
• These involve the result of questions
 what will happen next?
 what is the outcome if these trends
continue?
 what actions are required to be taken?
• Uses supervised learning functions
DESCRIPTIVE DATA MINING
• Capable of generating the response of
 what happened?
 where exactly is the problem?
 what is the frequency of the problem?
• Uses unsupervised learning functions
DATA MINING MODEL AND TASK
DATA MINING RELEVANT TO SONAR DATASET

• Dataset is labeled contains two different classes

 Rock

 Mine

• Task is to predict about the object on the basis of data given

• Predictive data mining

 Classification
DISCUSS DATA QUALITY ISSUES
 DATA QUALITY ISSUES
• Data quality is a major concern in data mining and knowledge extracting.

• Knowledge extract from data mining greatly affected by the quality of data.

• There are three major problems in data quality:

Missing data
Duplicate data
Noisy data
 DATA QUALITY ISSUES IN SONAR DATASET

• No missing values

• No duplicate values

• 20% noisy attributes

• Heavy noise due to

 background inference

 faulty sensors

 target of detection located nearly out of range

FOR AT LEAST TWO ATTRIBUTES, DISCUSS DATA PRE-
PROCESSING, AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW
WOULD BE DONE?
DATA PRE-PROCESSING
• There are major tasks in data pre-processing:
 Data cleaning

 Data integration

 Data reduction

 Data compression

 Data transformation

 Data discretization
 DATA PRE-PROCESSING FOR ATTRIBUTE 1 AND
ATTRIBUTE 2

• Data cleaning

• Data integration

• Data reduction

• Data transformation

• Data discretion
EXAMPLE
MISSING VALUE
NORMALIZING
RESULT
SMOOTH NOISY DATA
RESULT
REMOVE DUPLICATES DATA
RESULT
SUMMARY
• What the data about?
• What type of benefit you might to hope get from data mining?
• What type of data mining you think would be relevant?
• Discuss data quality issues
• For at least two attributes, discuss data pre-processing, and give an
example of how would be done?