PROF.A.

RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

Collision Avoidance Radar Warning System
 An interesting safety-related electronic system having
potential for future automotive application is the anti
collision warning system.
 An onboard low-power radar system can be used as a
sensor for an electronic collision avoidance system to
provide warning of a potential collision with an object
lying in the path of the vehicle
 For an anti collision warning application, the radar
antenna should be mounted on the front of the car
and should project a relatively narrow beam forward

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

 CARWS
 Ideally, the antenna for such a system should be in as
flat a package as possible, and should project a beam
that has a width of about 2° to 3° horizontally and
about 4° to 5° vertically

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

 CARWS
 In order to test whether a detected object is in the
same lane as the radar equipped car traveling around a
curve, the radius of the curve must be measured.

 Given the scanning angle of the radar beam and the

curve radius, a computer can quickly perform the
calculations to determine whether or not a reflecting
object is in the same lane as the protected car

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

 CARWS
 For the collision warning system, better results can be
obtained if the radar transmitter is operated in a
pulsed mode rather than in a continuous-wave mode
 In this mode, the transmitter is switched on for a very
short time, then it is switched off. During the off time,
the receiver is set to receive a reflected signal
 If a reflecting object is in the path of the transmitted
microwave pulse, a corresponding pulse will be
reflected to the receiver

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

 CARWS
 The round trip time, t , from transmitter to object and
back to receiver is proportional to the range, R to the
object, as illustrated in Figure and expressed in the
following equation:

 Where c is the speed of light (186,000 miles per

second). The radar system has the capability of
accurately measuring this time to determine the range
to the object.
PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU
Range to Object for Anti collision
Warning System
The computer can perform a number of calculations
on this data. For example, the computer can calculate
the time to collision, T
Whenever this time is less than a preset value, a visual and
audible warning is generated. The system could also be
programmed to release the throttle and apply the brakes, if
automatic control were desired.

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

Collision Avoidance Warning System

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

 CARWS
 If the object is traveling at the same speed as the radar-equipped car and in the
same direction. If the object is stationary, S = 0 and the time to collision is:

• Note that this system can give the vehicle speed, which is applicable for
antilock braking systems. If the object is another moving car approaching
the radar equipped car head-on, the closing speed is the sum of the two
car speeds. In this case, the time to closure is

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

Active and passive safety
 The terms "active" and "passive" are simple but
important terms in the world of automotive safety.
"Active safety" is used to refer to technology assisting
in the prevention of a crash and "passive safety" to
components of the vehicle (primarily airbags, seatbelts
and the physical structure of the vehicle) that help to
protect occupants during a crash

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU

Crashworthiness

 Crashworthy systems and devices prevent or reduce

the severity of injuries when a crash is imminent or
actually happening.
 Seatbelts limit the forward motion of an occupant,
stretch to slow down the occupant's deceleration in a
crash, and prevent occupants being ejected from the
vehicle.
 Airbags inflate to cushion the impact of a vehicle
occupant with various parts of the vehicle's interior.

PROF.A.RAMMOHAN, TIFAC CORE @VITU