FYP

We have made the HA.

Next step:
• Making of glass
• Making of GIC by reaction with acids
• ISO standards
Preparation of HA
Chemicals Used:
• Calcium Nitrate:35 g
• Ammonium phosphate:12g
• Ammonia Hydroxide:150 ml
• Distilled Water
By using these we will be making HA and the proposed yield of
HA at the end of the procedure was 10g.
 Procedure:
• Take 250 ml of distilled water in 2 beakers.
• Put Calcium nitrate and Ammonium phosphate in distilled water and stir until
they completely dissolves.
• The pH of Calcium nitrate and Ammonium phosphate were 5.64 and 8.42
respectively.
• We added ammonium hydroxide in both solutions to have a pH of 10.
• After adding NH4OH the pH of ammonia phosphate and calcium nitrate were
12.1 and 10.88 respectively.
• In the next step reaction of ammonia phosphate and calcium nitrate was to be
done.
• For this ammonia phosphate was put in separation flask and calcium nitrate on
a strirrer.
• Adjust the drop rate until one drop comes after 2 seconds.
• When the reaction is done, stirring of solution obtained after the
reaction is done for 20 hours.
• After stirring pH was 10.28.
• Then the solution was heated at 80 C with constant stirring.
• After that reflexing was done for about 2 hours.
• After reflexing solution was put in oven at 80 C and we got powder of
HA.
• Then heat treatment was done by increasing temperature upto 900 C
at rate of 10 C/min. Soaking was done for 2 hours and then it was
oven cooled.
• Next step is to do the XRD of the HA.
Results:
• HA acquired was 100 percent pure.
• Both HA particles sizes are in nano range.
• Sample 1 particle size is relatively higher than sample 2.
• This is only because of reflexing done for sample 2.
Next Step
After we have got the HA,we have to make the composition as
following.
 Component  Weight (g)
 SiO2  45
 Al2O3  21
 CaF2  12
 Hydroxyapatit  10
e
 CaCO3  12
• By this composition we have to do different experiment for the
development of glass.
• After that we have to develop cement by reacting with proposed
cements.