UJI STATISTIK

SUMEDI SUDARSONO

(1). Uji Statistik Parametrik

1. T-test independent & Z-test.
2. T-test pairs.
3. Pearson’s correlation – Linear regression.
4. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA).
a). One-way
b). Two-way 
……………………………………………..
 Syarat-syarat Uji Stat Parametrik

(1). Data distribusi Normal.

(2). Data mempunyai Variance yg sama.
(3). Sampel diambil secara Random.
(4). Data berskala Interval atau Ratio.

Bila syarat-syarat tsb tidak dipenuhi,

 digunakan Uji Stat Non-parametrik.
………………………………………….
(2). Uji Stat Parametrik  Non-parametrik.
1. T-test independent.  Mann-Whitney.
2. T-test pairs.  Wilcoxon.
3. Pearson’s correlation  Spearman Rank.
4. ANOVA.  Kruskall-Wallis.

5. Uji Chi-square 2 x 2, 2 x 3, 3 x 3.
6. Uji Fisher.
7. Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov.
8. Uji Chi-square McNemar.
9. dll .
………………………………………………
 ANOVA

Berikut ialah weight increase dalam pounds

hasil dari empat macam treatments dietetik.

Treatments : A, B, C, dan D.
 Treatments
A B C D
-------------------------------
1.2 2.6 2.4 2.3
1.5 2.9 2.3 2.5
1.5 2.7 2.5 2.4
1.8 3.8 3.3 3.1
-----------------------------
Utk membandingkan hasil treatments
A, B, C, D digunakan One-way ANOVA.

Berikut diketahui data initial weight,

ada empat blocks initial weights.
 ANOVA TWO-WAY

Initial Weight Treatments

in Lbs. A B C D
-----------------------------------------------------------
15.0 – 17.4 1.2 2.6 2.4 2.3
17.5 – 19.9 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.5
20.0 – 22.4 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.4
22.5 – 25.0 1.8 3.8 3.3 3.1
------------------------------------------------------------
 Hipotesis Nol ( Ho)

(1). Ho : Tidak ada perbedaan weight increase

antara treatments A, B, C, dan D.

(2). Ho : Tidak ada perbedaan weight increase

antara block I, II, III, dan IV.

Batas kemaknaan alpha = α = 0.05

 Syarat-syarat Uji Stat Parametrik :

(1). Data distribusi Normal.

(2). Data mempunyai Variance yg sama.
(3). Sampel diambil secara Random.
(4). Data berskala Interval atau Ratio.
1. Apakah Distribusi Data Normal ?

Hitung nilai mean dan simpang baku,

untuk menghitung nilai cov.
s
cov = ------------ (100%).
mean

Bila cov < 30%  distribusi Normal.

Initial Weight Treatments
in Lbs. A B C D
-------------------------------------------------------
15.0 – 17.4 1.2 2.6 2.4 2.3
17.5 – 19.9 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.5
20.0 – 22.4 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.4
22.5 – 25.0 1.8 3.8 3.3 3.1
--------------------------------------------------------
 Menghitung Mean Treatments A, B, C, D.

A : Mean = 1.5 s = 0.245 cov = 16.33%

B : Mean = 3.0 s = 0.548 cov = 18.27%
C : Mean = 2.625 s = 0.457 cov = 17.41%
D : Mean = 2.575 s = 0.359 cov = 13.94%

cov utk semua treatments < 30%  Normal.

 Menghitung Mean Blocks I, II, III, IV.

Block I : Mean = 2.125 s=0.629 cov = 29.60%

Block II : Mean = 2.3 s=0.589 cov = 25.61%
Block III : Mean = 2.275 s=0.532 cov = 23.39%
Block IV : Mean = 3.0 s=0.852 cov = 28.40%

cov utk semua blocks < 30%  Normal.

 2. Apakah Data Memp Varians sama ?

Utk Treatment :

(0.548) 2
F(3,3) = ------------- = 5.003 p > 0.05 Homogen
(0.245) 2 ↑
9.28 0.05
15.44 0.025
29.46 0.010
47.47 0.005
Utk Blocks :

(0.852) 2
F(3,3) = ------------- = 2.565 p > 0.05 Homogen
(0.532) 2 ↑
9.28 0.05
15.44 0.025
29.46 0.010
47.47 0.005
 A B C D tb tb2 /n
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.0 – 17.4 1.2 2.6 2.4 2.3 8.5 18.063
17.5 – 19.9 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.5 9.2 21.16
20.0 – 22.4 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.4 9.1 20.702
22.5 – 25.0 1.8 3.8 3.3 3.1 12.0 36.0
-------------------------------------------------------------- 95.925
n 4 4 4 4 N=16 (1)
t 6.0 12.0 10.5 10.3 T=38.8 (2)
x2 9.18 36.9 28.19 26.91 101.18 (3)
t2 /n 9 36 27.563 26.523 99.085 (4)
……………………………………………………………….
 ANOVA TWO-WAY

T2
(1). Hitung SS total = Σ x2 - --------
N
t2
(2). Hitung SS Between treatments = Σ ----- - C
n
(3). Hitung SS Block.

(4). Hitung SS within = SS tot – SS bet – SS bloc

……………………………………………………………….
 N = 16 T = 38.8 Σ x 2 = 101.18
……………………………………………………….

T2
(1). SS Total = Σ x 2 - --------
N
(38.8) 2
= 101.18 – { ----------}
16

= 101.18 – 94.09 = 7.09

Degree of freedom = N – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
 Σ t2 /n = 99.085 C = 94.09 k=4
…………………………………………………..

t2
(2). SS Between treatments = Σ ------- - C
n

= 99.085 – 94.09 = 4.995

Degree of freedom = k – 1 = 4 – 1 = 3
 C = 94.09 k=4
……………………………………..
(tb) 2
(3). SS Block = Σ ------ - C
n
(8.5)2 (9.2)2 (9.1)2 (12.0)2
= ------ + ------ + ------ + -------- - 94.09
4 4 4 4

= 95.925 – 94.09 = 1.835

Degree of freedom = 4 – 1 = 3
SSTot = 7.09 df = 15
SSBet treat = 4.995 df = 3
SSBlock = 1.835 df = 3
………………………………………………

(4). SS Within = SSTot – SSBet – SSBlock

= 7.09 – 4.995 – 1.835
= 0.26

Degree of freedom = 15 – 3 – 3 = 9
(1). SS Total = 7.09 df = 15

(2). SS Between = 4.995 df =3

(3). SS Block = 1.835 df = 3

(4). SS Within = 0.26 df = 9

 Summary Table
(1). SS Total = 7.09 df = 15
(2). SS Between = 4.995 df =3
(3). SS Block = 1.835 df = 3
(4). SS Within = 0.26 df = 9
………………………………………..
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
-----------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3
Block 1.835 3
Within 0.26 9
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665
Block 1.835 3
Within 0.26 9
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665
Block 1.835 3 0.6117
Within 0.26 9
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665
Block 1.835 3 0.6117
Within 0.26 9 0.0289
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665 57.61
Block 1.835 3 0.6117
Within 0.26 9 0.0289
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665 57.61
Block 1.835 3 0.6117 21.17
Within 0.26 9 0.0289
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Untuk Between Treatments  F(3,9) = 57.61

Lihat Tabel F 3.86 0.05

5.08 0.025
6.99 0.01
8.72 0.005
↓ ↓
F(3,9) = 57.61  p < 0.005

Untuk Blocks  F(3,9) = 21.17  p < 0.005

Treatments Ho ditolak,
Simpulan : Ada perbedaan yg significant
antara treatments A, B, C, dan D.

Blocks Ho ditolak,
Simpulan : Ada perbedaan yg significant
antara blocks I, II, III, dan IV.

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 Multiple Comparison using
Least Significant Difference = LSD
mean1 – mean2
t = ------------------------------
sgab √ {1/n1 + 1/n2} n1 = n2 = n
sample size treatment

mean1 – mean2 = t s√{2/n}

LSD = t √{ (s)2 (2/n) }

(s)2 = Variance = MS
( Variance within & df within )
mean1 – mean2 = t √ (s)2 (2/n)
LSD = t √ (s)2 (2/n)

t = 0.05
df = 9  Lihat Table  2.262
( df within ) , MS within = 0.0289

LSD = 2.262 √ { (0.0289) (2/4) }

= 2.262 ( 0.120 ) = 0.271
LSD = 0.271
Treatments A B C D
Mean = 1.5 3.0 2.625 2.575
LSD = 0.271

A><B Deviasi = 1.50 > LSD  Significant.

A><C = 1.125 > LSD  Significant.
A><D = 1.075 > LSD  Significant.
B><C = 0.375 > LSD  Significant.
B><D = 0.425 > LSD  Significant.
C><D = 0.05 < LSD  Not Significant.
Block I II III IV
Mean = 2.125 2.30 2.275 3.0
LSD = 0.271

I><II Deviasi = 0.175 < 0.271  Not significant.

I><III Deviasi = 0.15 < LSD  Not Significant.
I><IV = 0.875 > LSD  Significant.
II><III = 0.025 < LSD  Not Significant.
II><IV = 0.70 > LSD  Significant.
III><IV = 0.725 > LSD  Significant.
Initial Weight I II III IV
Mean = 16.25 18.75 21.25 23.75
LSD = 0.271

I><II Deviasi = 2.50 > LSD  Significant.

I><III Deviasi = 5.00 > LSD  Significant.
I><IV = 7.50 > LSD  Significant.
II><III = 2.50 > LSD  Significant.
II><IV = 5.00 > LSD  Significant.
III><IV = 2.500 > LSD  Significant.

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Next : Exercise
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 2.556 3 …… …..
Block 1.020 3 ….. ….
Within 0.520 9 ….
------------------------------------
Total 4.096 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 2.556 3 0.852 14.74
Block 1.020 3 0.340 5.88
Within 0.520 9 0.0578
------------------------------------
Total 4.096 15

===o0o===
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 2850.698 4 ….. …..
Block 1126.906 4 ….. …..
Within 453.031 8 …..
---------------------------------------
Total 4430.635 14
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 4.995 3 1.665 57.61
Block 1.835 3 0.6117 21.17
Within 0.26 9 0.0289
------------------------------------
Total 7.09 15
Source of
variation SS DF MS F
--------------------------------------------------------------
Between 22.170 2 ….. …..
Block 32.670 3 ….. …..
Within 3.827 6 …..
------------------------------------
Total 58.667 11

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