Small scale

enterprises
 BY:-

1)ANUPA MISHRA(B118012)
2)DHANWANT SINGH(B118025)
3) PUNEET BAJAJ(B518034)
4) SUBHRAJYOTI SAHU(B118059)
 Bio diesel production
Biodiesel production is the process of producing
the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical
reactions of transesterification and esterification. This
involves vegetable or animal fats and oils being reacted with
short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The
alcohols used should be of low molecular weight. Ethanol is
the most used because of its low cost, however, greater
conversions into biodiesel can be reached using methanol.
Although the transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by
either acids or bases, the base-catalyzed reaction is more
common. This path has lower reaction times and catalyst cost
than those acid catalysis. However, alkaline catalysis has the
disadvantage of high sensitivity to both water and free fatty
acids present in the oils.
 Bio-diesel production unit can be established on a small

scale basis at any place where the main raw material

Jatropha oil is easily available. There is a continuous search

for renewable sources of fuels due to the rate of depletion

of fossils. The term biofuel is used to define fuels that are

obtainable from plants or animals. Being a renewable

source, it is gaining attention all over the world today.

 Techonology and machinery

You can establish a bio-diesel production unit in two ways.

One is producing bio-diesel from jatropha oil. Another one
is producing jatropha oil and then biodiesel from that. For
the first option, the main raw material is jatropha oil and
for the second one, the main raw material is jatropha seed.
Here we will discuss the process and equipment for bio-
diesel production from jatropha oil.
Machinery and apparatus used in the production of the
biodiesel are as follows: thermometer, retort stand,
pipette, measuring cylinder, separating funnel, magnetic
stirrer, oven, water bath, hydrometer, conical flask, digital
weighing balance, stopwatch, hot plate, distilled water,
methanol, and jatropha oil.
Basically, you can carry out the bio-diesel production process using oil
in methanol in a shaking incubator at 250 rpm and 45° C for 4 hours.

1) First, dissolve the lye into the methanol. Shake or swirl until all the
lye has dissolved.

2) This may take 10 minutes. It is normal that the temperature

rises. This mixture is called sodium methoxide. Now make sure the J
Oil is in a vessel large enough (at least 150% of its volume), preferably
with a valve at the bottom, and heat it to about 60 °C, then stop
heating. Then add the methoxide mixture. Additionally, make sure that
you mix it well for at least 10 minutes. Leave the vessel and let the
different constituents separate by sedimentation
 3)The glycerin will settle out at the bottom. After 8 to 24
hours the sedimentation is complete and the glycerine can
be drained off.

4)What remains is raw biodiesel. If the reaction went well

and the biodiesel is clear, you can use it straight, although
its quality may be inferior because of impurities. Water
washing will remove most of these impurities.
Methods commonly used for bio-diesel production are
batch and continuous processes. In general, smaller-
capacity plants and variable feedstock quality
warrant use of batch systems. Continuous systems
generally lead the operation on a 24×7 basis,
requiring larger capacities to justify larger staffing
needs and also requiring uniform feedstock quality.
This standard prescribes the requirements
and methods of sampling and tests for bio-diesel
suitable for fuel in diesel engines. Bio-diesel is a fatty
acid alkyl ( methyl or ethyl ) ester
for use as a blend component ( up to 20 percent ) with
diesel fuel meeting the requirements of
IS 1460 ‘Automotive diesel fuel — Specification’.
 Jatropha Curcus is a large 3 to 4 Meter high shrub,
the native of tropical America, occurring throughout
India mostly. It kernel yields 46-58 percent by weight
of oil, which is 30-40 percent of seed weight. The oil is
generally called Circus oil. On Etherification, the oil
becomes Bio-Diesel.
However, you can blend it with high-speed Diesel
from 20 to 80 percent by volume. Transesterified
Jatropha Oil blending with Diesel is now a policy
adopted by Government of India. The production
process is not complex and several universities and
institutes are there those have developed the
transesterification process of biodiesel production.
Some statistics-
Case study
Aim:-