Seminar

Seminar Title:
Earthquake Resistant
Structures
Guide : Mr. ESHWAR REDDY
Delivered by:- YATHARTH YADU

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Faculty
©M. S. of Engineering
Ramaiah & Technology
University of Applied Sciences © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Introduction
What is an Earthquake ?
• An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or
temblor) is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic
waves.
• The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an
area refers to the frequency, type and size of
earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

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 Introduction(contd….)

Earthquake Resistant Building

• Earthquake-resistant structures are structures designed to
protect buildings to some or greater extent
from earthquakes.
• While no structure can be entirely immune to damage
from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant
construction is to erect structures that fare better during
seismic activity than their conventional counterparts.
• Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs

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 WHY DO EARTHQUAKES HAPPEN?

NATURAL ACTIVITIES
• Due to movement of tectonic plates
• Due to faults present beneath the earth
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• Construction of dams
• Ground water extraction
• Skyscrapers
• Fracking and Injection wells

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 HOW EARTHQUAKES AFFECT BUILDINGS?
Shaking:
• Ground moves in the same place.

• This does not usually cause significant damage to the ground

itself, but often results in major damage to structures in or
on the ground.

• This can include, not only buildings, but water, gas and sewer
lines, train tracks, androads.

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 HOW EARTHQUAKES AFFECT BUILDINGS?(contd..)

Landslides

• A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock,

debris, or earth down a slope.

• Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes

any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the
direct influence of gravity.

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Faculty
©M. S. of Engineering
Ramaiah & Technology
University of Applied Sciences © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 HOW EARTHQUAKES AFFECT BUILDINGS?(contd..)

Liquifaction
• Strength of the ground is removed, causing the
ground and objects on it to sink.
• Any heavy objects sitting on liquefied ground will
rapidly sink.
• This includes all types of natural features as well as
structures

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 HOW BUILDINGS RESPONED TO EARTHQUAKES?
• Ground acceleration and building
damage
The damage that a building suffers
primarily depend not on
displacement but on acceleration
• Building stiffness
Taller buildings are more flexible
than shorter buildings
• Ductility
Ductility is the ability to undergo
deformation
• Damping
Moves forward and backward
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 HOW DO YOU MADE AN EARTHQUAKE PROOF
BUILDING?
BASE ISOLATION DEVICES
• Base isolated structure is
supported by a series of
bearing pads which are
placed between building
and building foundation.

• Lead rubber bearing is

sandwiched between two
steel plates

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 SPHERICAL SLIDING ISOLATION SYSTEMS

• Building is
supported by
bearing pads that
have a curved
surface and low
friction
• Building is free to
slide on the
bearings
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 RESPONCE OF BASE ISOLATION BUILDING

• Reduce the building acceleration by

¼ the acceleration of fixed base
building
• Acceleration decreased because
the base isolation system lengthens
the building's period of vibration.
• Rubber is highly elastic so reduce
the damage
• Converts the kinetic energy as heat
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 DAMPERS
• The second of the major new techniques for
improving the earthquake resistance of buildings
also relies upon damping and energy dissipation.
• It greatly extends the damping and energy
dissipation provided by lead–rubber bearings.
• The building will dissipate energy either by
undergoing large scale movement or sustaining
increased internal strains in elements such as the
building's columns and beams.

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 DAMPERS(contd….)
TYPES
1. Viscous dampers
• Viscous dampers are hydraulic devices that dissipate the
kinetic energy of seismic events and cushion the impact
between structures.
• They are versatile and can be designed to allow free
movement as well as controlled damping of a structure to
protect from wind load, thermal motion or seismic events
• Available in ratings up to 1,000 KIP, seismic dampers are
well suited for large displacement and/or large load
applications such as bridges, buildings, and large
structures. 14
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 DAMPERS(contd..)
Viscous dampers
COMPONENTS
• Piston Rod
• Cylinder
• Fluid
• Seal
• Piston Head
• Seal Retainer
• Accumulator
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 DAMPERS(contd..)
TYPES
2.Tuned mass dampers
• Also known as a harmonic absorber
• Mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude
of mechanical vibrations by harmonic motions
• Prevent discomfort and damage
• It is a Lightweight component

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 DAMPERS(contd..)
• 2.Tuned mass dampers
COMPONENTS
• Spring
• Oscillating Mass
• Viscodamper

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 CONCLUSION
• There is a lack of awareness in the earthquake disaster
mitigations. Avoiding non-engineered structures with
unskilled labour even in unimportant temporary
constructions can help a great way.
• Statewide awareness programmes have to be conducted
by fully exploiting the advancement in the information
technology.
• Urgent steps are required to be taken to make the codal
provisions regarding earthquake resistant construction
undebatable.

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 REFERENCES

• 1. Chopra.R, Kumar.R, Chawla.K.S, T.P.Singh, “Traditional

Earthquake Resistant Houses”, Honey Bee, Vol 11&Vol
12,Oct 2000-Nov 2001.
• 2. Deodhar.S.V, Dubey.S.K, “Remedial Measures Against
Earthquake disaster”, National Building Material and
Construction World, Vol 2, Jan 2003, Pg 52-56.
• 3. Earthquake Tip 8, “What is seismic design
philosophy?”, Indian Concrete Journal, Jan 2004, Vol 2.

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