Process in

Developing
Assessment
Instrument
 TABLE OF
SPECIFICATIONS

(TOS)
Table of Specifications (TOS)
sometimes called a test blueprint, is a table that helps
teachers align objectives, instruction, and assessment
(e.g., Notar, Zuelke, Wilson, & Yunker, 2004).

is a chart or table that details the content and level of

cognitive assessed on a test as well as the types and
emphases of test items (Gareis & Grant, 2008).
is developed before the test is written.
 PURPOSE OF
TABLE OF
SPECIFICATION
Purpose of Table of Specifications
1. It serves as the guide as to WHAT TOPIC should be
included
2. It indicates HOW many ITEMS should be asked in each
particular level.
 PREPARING A
TABLE OF
SPECIFICATION
Preparing a Table of Specifications
1. Selecting the learning outcomes to be measured.
2. Make an outline of the subject matter to be covered in
test.
3. Decide on the number of items per subtopic.

=
Number of Number of class sessions X Desired total numbers of items
Items Total number of class session
4. Make the two-way chart.
5. Construct the test item.
FORMAT OF TABLE
OF SPECIFICATION
 Format of Table of Specifications
TWO-WAY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS
NO. ITEM SPECIFICATION (Type of Test and Placement)
OBJECTIVES/ NO. OF
OF %
COMPETENCIES ITEMS
DAYS REMEMBERING UNDERSTANDING APPLYING ANALYZING EVALUATING CREATING

TOTAL
Two-way Table of Specifications

OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES

 refer to the intended learning outcomes stated as

specific instructional objective covering a particular
test topic.
Two-way Table of Specifications

NO. OF DAYS

 The number of session(s)/day(s) you taught each of the

learning objectives/competencies
Two-way Table of Specifications
PERCENTAGE (%)

= x 100
\

No. of Days (specific objective/competency)

% Total number of Days

OBJECTIVES/ COMPETENCIES NO. OF DAYS %

Identify the meaning of unfamiliar words through structural

3 30%
analysis (words and affixes)
Identify the meaning of unfamiliar words according to structure
3 30%
(inflections)

Identify the meaning of words with multiple meaning 4 40%

TOTAL 10 100%
Two-way Table of Specifications
ITEM SPECIFICATION

 Pertains to the intellectual skill or ability to correctly

answer a test item using Bloom’s Taxonomy of
educational objectives.
Tips in Preparing the TOS
 Don’t make it overly detailed.
 It’s best to identify major ideas and skills rather than
specific details.
 Use a cognitive taxonomy that is most appropriate to
your discipline.
 Weigh the appropriateness of the distribution of checks
against the student’s level, the importance of the test
and the amount of time available.
- END -