Defence Against Disease 13/11/2019

Disease can be spread (transmitted) 6 different ways. Use

the picture below to help you list these six different ways.

Extension: give an example of a disease spread by each

method.
(L3) Recall one (L4) Describe how (L5) Explain the
disease caused microbes can be difference between
by each type of transported from person a vector and a
microbe. to person in various ways. parasite.

Diseases can spread by...

Coughs/Sneezing (Air) Food

Water

Touch Sexual contact

Animals
 Learning Objectives
(L3) Recall one
(L4) Describe the
example of the body
roles of mucus, (L5) Explain
stopping microbes
ciliated epithelial why antibodies
getting in and one need time to
cells, white
example of the body be made.
blood cells and
killing microbes that
antibodies.
get inside.

Key Words: defence, white blood cell, anti-toxin,

antibody, mucus, cillia
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Was our model a good one?

Write down:

• One way that this is a good

model to show how diseases
are spread.

• One way that this is a bad

model to show how diseases
are spread.
(L3) Recall one (L4) Describe how (L5) Explain the
disease caused microbes can be difference between
by each type of transported from person a vector and a
microbe. to person in various ways. parasite.

Doctor Doctor!
• You will need to work in pairs for this.

• One of you will be the doctor – the other will be the

patient.

• The Doctor will have to ask the patient questions, and use
their chart to work out what disease the patient has.

• Deal out the disease cards so one person has 4 and the
other has 5… take it in turns the be the doctor and the
patient.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

How do microbes
get into the
body?

What does the

body do about it?
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

How do microbes enter the body

Eyes
Ears
Mouth
Nose
Skin

Genitals Cuts

A number of these places where microbes can

enter the body are defended.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Mouth If microbes enter through the mouth

(usually on food) they will be
swallowed and enter the stomach.
Within the stomach is Hydrochloric
acid, which is highly concentrated and
will kill them.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Nose Cells lining the windpipe and lungs have

hair like folds in their membrane. These
are known as cilia and the cells are termed
ciliated.

These cells also produce mucus, a sticky

liquid in which microbes can become stuck.

The cilia then waft the

mucus (including the
trapped microbes) towards
the mouth and nose where
they are either swallowed
or coughed up.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Skin

Thick layer of skin

Blood capillary

Microbes have to penetrate the layer of skin

that covers the entire surface of our body. Once
through this, they can then reach the blood
system.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Cuts
When you cut the skin, the body will bleed because
the blood vessels are ruptured. This leaves the blood
system exposed to the air. Microbes could then get
into the blood.
To limit this problem, the
body can quickly heal
wounds by firstly clotting
the blood and secondly
forming a scab over the
wound to shield the blood
from the air.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Watch:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

And other video

(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

The body has 3 main methods of attacking

microbes once they get into the body.
1. Producing antitoxins
Microbes can cause an infected person to feel ill
by releasing toxins (poisons).
The first way white blood cells defend the body is
by releasing antitoxins.

These chemicals are designed to neutralise the

effects of the toxins and render them harmless.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

2. Engulfing Microbes
Some white blood cells actually ingest (eat), or engulf, the
microbes and then break them down once they are inside the
cell.
The white blood cell
White surrounds the microbe.
blood cell
The microbe is
destroyed. The
chemicals that are
released from the
digested microbe
Digestive enzymes attack are used in other
the ingested microbe and parts of the cell.
begin to break it down.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

3. Releasing antibodies
Antibodies are
produced by
white blood Attachment Antibody
cells site
You can think
of them as
target specific
bombs.

Microbe

Their shape is important Microbe is

because it fits exactly onto a destroyed
site on the microbe.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Complete the worksheet

1. Cut out the outline of the human and the
information boxes below it.

2. Stick the boxes around the human and draw

labeling lines to the parts of the body that match
the information.

3. Use the words in the box to complete the

information boxes.
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

Microbes are stopped from

getting into cuts by … nose and windpipe.

A sticky substance that microbes.

traps microbes is called …
scabs.
White blood cells destroy …
Mucus is made in the … mucus.

Antibodies can stick to … acid.

Bacteria in the stomach are
microbes.
killed by …
(L3) Recall one example of the (L4) Describe the roles of (L5) Explain
body stopping microbes getting mucus, ciliated epithelial why antibodies
in and one example of the body cells, white blood cells and need time to
killing microbes that get inside. antibodies. be made.

The Body’s Defences

Now see how you

have learnt by
answering the
questions on the
worksheet.
(L3) Recall one (L4) Describe how (L5) Explain the
disease caused microbes can be difference between
by each type of transported from person a vector and a
microbe. to person in various ways. parasite.

DISEASE QUIZ

Bacteria?

Fungus?

Virus?
 Rabies Parasite or vector?

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Food Poisoning and
Salmonella

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

Sore Throat

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Impetigo

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Common Cold

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Chlamydia

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Athletes'
Foot

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 HIV – leading
to AIDS

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Polio

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

Cholera

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Chicken pox

A = Bacteria B =Virus C =Fungi

 Learning Objectives
Are you now able to…
(L3) Recall one
(L4) Describe the
example of the body
roles of mucus, (L5) Explain
stopping microbes
ciliated epithelial why antibodies
getting in and one need time to
cells, white
example of the body be made.
blood cells and
killing microbes that
antibodies
get inside.
:( :| :)

I still feel unsure. I need some more help to understand.

I feel ok. I need to do some more work to check my understanding.

I am happy and feel I understand and can explain the main points.