The document discusses various causes of gross hematuria following abdominal wall trauma, including urinary tract injuries like bladder injuries or pelvic fractures. It describes examining patients for injuries and signs of internal bleeding. Grades 1-5 are used to classify severity of renal injuries based on laceration depth and other factors. Conservative treatment includes bed rest, fluids, antibiotics, and monitoring vital signs and urine. Investigations include urine analysis, CT scans, IVP, and ultrasound. Causes like urethral rupture, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, and genitourinary tuberculosis are also summarized.
The document discusses various causes of gross hematuria following abdominal wall trauma, including urinary tract injuries like bladder injuries or pelvic fractures. It describes examining patients for injuries and signs of internal bleeding. Grades 1-5 are used to classify severity of renal injuries based on laceration depth and other factors. Conservative treatment includes bed rest, fluids, antibiotics, and monitoring vital signs and urine. Investigations include urine analysis, CT scans, IVP, and ultrasound. Causes like urethral rupture, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, and genitourinary tuberculosis are also summarized.
The document discusses various causes of gross hematuria following abdominal wall trauma, including urinary tract injuries like bladder injuries or pelvic fractures. It describes examining patients for injuries and signs of internal bleeding. Grades 1-5 are used to classify severity of renal injuries based on laceration depth and other factors. Conservative treatment includes bed rest, fluids, antibiotics, and monitoring vital signs and urine. Investigations include urine analysis, CT scans, IVP, and ultrasound. Causes like urethral rupture, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, and genitourinary tuberculosis are also summarized.
URINARY TRACT INJURY: HISTORY: 1)Type of injury Time of injury 2)Detailed history about pain: Site, Character of pain, Radiation 3)Any other Symptoms General Examination • Degree of Shock • Pulse • Blood Pressure • Respiration • Temperature • Exclude other injury:RTA,14Yyr Boy Bladder Injury/pelvic fracture/Managed Emergency laparotomy Local Examination Of Abdomen INSPECTION:Distension, Loin swelling PALPATION:Guarding, Rigidity, Tenderness, Mass in the loin. PERCUSSION: Shifting Dullness, Obliteration of liver Dullness AUSCULTATION:Absent Bowel Sounds HEMOPERITONEUS PERITONITIS • Four quadrant aspiration • P/R:Any Fluid Collection, Pelvic Tenderness Grades Of Renal Injury GRADE 1: Subcapsular Non Expanding Hematoma GRADE 2:Cortical Laceration <1cm of Depth, No urinary extravasation GRADE 3: Cortical Laceration >1cm of Depth GRADE 4: Parenchymal Laceration Extenting Through Cortex,Medulla and Collecting System, Extravasation of Urine GRADE 5:Shattered Kidney, Avulsion of Renal Pedicle NEPHRECTOMY done in GRADE 4 & GRADE 5 CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT • Bed rest • Blood transfusion • Intravenous Fluids • Antibiotics • Analgesics • Monitor:Pulse rate, Blood pressure,Urine examination INVESTIGATIONS 1.Urine Examination: Gross, Microscopic 2.CT Scan Contrast: Extent Of Injury Vascular Injury 3. Intravenous Urography 4.USG Abdomen: perinephric Hematoma Hematuria Due To URETHRAL RUPTURE 1.Bleeding through Meatus 2.Inability to Urinate 3.Perineal Hematoma TYPES OF URETHRAL RUPTURE: 1.Partial 2.Complete Hematuria Due To URETHRAL RUPTURE… INVESTIGATION: Retrograde Cystourethrography Injury due to fracture plevis, 16Fr Foley's Catheter TREATMENT: PARTIAL: Repair-Urologist COMPLETE: Suprapubic Catheterization Definitive Repair after 3months POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TRAIT: *Congenital Defect in the development of kidney *Faulty development of Secretory and Collecting tubules Failure in fusion of Glomeruli with convoluted tubules with the Collecting Tubules, leading to formation of CYSTS POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE… PATHOLOGY: 1. Bilateral more advanced, one kidney 2. 3-4 times Enlarged 3.Cyst contain thick yellow or dark hemorrhagic fluid 4.Atrophic Cortical Tissue 5.Hematuria CLINICAL FEATURES: *Asymptomatic/Renal lumps/Infection/Hypertension/Chronic Renal Failure/Anuria TREATMENT: Deroofing Operation/USG guided Aspriation/Rovsin's Operation HYDRONEPHROSIS ASEPTIC DILATATION OF PELVICALCYEAL SYSTEM: Due to partial or intermittent obstruction of Urine CAUSES: congenital /acquired PRESENTATION: Renal lump/pain/bladder obstruction/hematuria GRADES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS: GRADE 1:most minimal dilatation with slight bulging of calyceal fornices GRADE 2: Enlargement and obvious blunting of calyses GRADE 3:Rounding of calyces with obliteration of papilla shadow GRADE 4:Extreme Calyceal balooning HYDRONEPHROSIS… INVESTIGATION: RADIONUCLIDE 99mTc DTPA SCANNING- Offer better functional information. HEATURIA IN GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS (GUTB) PATHOGENESIS: 1) Endogenous 2) Exogenous * In the form of Granuloma and Caeation * Mycobacterium enter blood via thoracic duct, then to various organs mainly to Kidneys(GUT) *Communication of Caseating Granuloma with Collecting system spread to various parts of Urinary Tract:Calyx,Pelvis,Ureter,Bladder, Accessory Genital Organs HEATURIA IN GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS (GUTB)… CHEMOTHERAPY: Healing by fibrosis, formation of Contractures And Strictures SYOMTOMS: Dysuria, Back or Flank pain Hematuria Nocturia Fever/weight loss/night sweats/anorexia ANTITUBERCULOSIS CHEMOTHERAPY STANDARD PROGRAMMES:UTTB INH,PAS,EMB- 2-3Months , for 18-24 months Supplemened with STREPTOMYCIN for 2-3months 18 - 24months
GUTB SHORT COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY:
1) INH, RIFAMPICIN , PYRAZINAMIDE : Daily for 2months ANTI TB CHEMOTHERAPY… FOLLOWED BY INH , RIFAMPICIN - Double dose 3times a week for next 2months ALTERNATIVLY INH/RIFAMPICIN/PYRAZINAMIDE AND STREPTOMYCIN Daily for 2 months Follwed by: INH/RIFAMPICIN on DOUBLE DOSE 3 timess a week for next 2 months WITH THORACIC MEDICINE / ICMR COUNCIL Surgery in GUTB 1)Excisional 2)Ablative 3)Reconstructive -Partial NEPHRECTOMY/EPIDIDYMECTOMY -Non Functional Kidney -Grossly Destroyed Kidney amd Coexistence Malignancy -Endoscopic Dilatation In Stricture THANK YOU