EXPLOSIVE WELDING

• Mechanical Department
• KIET,GZB
• 3RD Yr

• Prashant kashyap Rohit yadav

• Vaibhav mishra Vivek yadav
• Sandeep pathak
 Definition of Explosion Welding
Detonator
Explosive standoff
• A solid-state welding distance

process that
produces
prime
coalescence by high component
velocity interaction Base
component Component arrangement
of the work pieces for explosion welding
produced by a
controlled
detonation.
 Principles of Explosion Welding
Detonator
Explosive
• Welding arrangement
consists of three
components -
– Base component prime
component
– Prime component Base
– Explosive. component Component arrangement
for explosion welding
• Base component
remains stationary,
supported by anvil.
 Principles of Explosion Welding
• Prime component is
Detonation
placed either parallel or
at an angle to the base.
• Explosive is distributed
over top surface of prime Prime
component. Weld component

• Upon detonation, prime Jet

Base
component collides with component
base component to
Action between components
complete welding. during explosion welding.
 Process Variables and Controls
Variables Explosive Pressure
• Collision Velocity 1
P  V 2
• Collision Angle 4
• Prime Component Velocity   plate _ density
V = charge velocity
These are Controlled By:
• Component Mass
• Explosive Charge
• Initial Geometry - Standoff Distance or Angle
 Table
• Cladder metal
• Stainless Steel, 300 series Carbon Steel
• Stainless Steel, 410 Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
• Nickel Alloys Forgings
• Duplex Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
• Copper Alloys Backer metal
• Aluminum carbon steel
• Titanium stainless steel
• Zirconium forgings
• Tantalum cr-mo alloy steel
IN PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT
Standoff=1/2 to 1.0 times clad
IN ANGLE ARRANGEMENT
Angle=1 to 8 degrees
 Explosives Used for Welding
High Velocity 14750-25000 ft/s Low to Medium Velocity 4900-
• Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 14750 ft/s
• Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) • Ammonium nitrate
• Ammonium nitrate sensitized with
• Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
fuel oil
• Composition B • Ammonium perchlorate
• Composition C4 • Amatol
• Primacord • Amatol and sodatol diluted with
rock salt to 30 to 35%
• Dynamites
• Nitroguanidine
• Dilute PETN
 Process Selection
Selection of solid state welding processes
depends on the following factors:
• Performance of the welding processes under
existing conditions
• Advantages of the processes involved
• Durability of the welds produced
• Materials to be welded
• Economic viability of the process
 Advantages of Solid State Welding
• Eliminates liquid phases
• Makes the joining of many dissimilar metal
combinations possible
• Can be performed with little or no deformation in
some cases
• Can be performed at very low temperatures in some
cases
• Some solid state processes can weld large areas in a
single welding operation
• Some processes are relatively rapid
Advantages of Solid State Welding
• Makes the joining of many dissimilar metal
combinations possible
– Example: friction welding, explosion welding,
diffusion welding.
 Disadvantages of explosion welding
• An expansive knowledge of explosives is
needed before the procedure may be
attempted.
• Explosion welding is therefore far less
commonly used than fusion welding
alternatives.
 Applications of Explosion Welding
• Any metal of sufficient strength and ductility
can be joined.
• Cladding flat plates constitutes the major
commercial application.
• Can be used to clad cylinders on inside or
outside surface.
• Transition joints can be made.
• Tube to tube sheet joints in heat exchangers.
Finished vessel fabricated from explosion
Explosion welded 12 inch diameter
clad plate.
steel tubular transition joint.