Tourist Impact

Mitigation
Learning Objective:
 Define Tourism impacts,
mitigation
 Understand various impacts of Tourism;
 Know the definition of mitigation;
 Analyze strategies for mitigating negative
environment;
 Appreciate the different strategies to reduce
impacts on aesthetics and visual quality
 Identify strategies to reduce noise
 Definition of Terms
Impact- A change in a given state over time as a result of an external
stimulus.
- as defined in the dictionary, impact as (1) influence (2) outcome (3)
effect (4) consequence (5) result (6) aftermath (7) product.

Tourism Impact- an effect brought about directly or indirectly by tourism

policies, tourism related establishments and infrastructure and tourist
behavior.
Mitigate – to decrease or reduce the effect of something negative.
Sometimes negative thing is more tangible.

Mitigation –USAID (2008) defined it as the “implementation of measures

designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed action
on the environment”.
Definition of Mitigation:
 Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and
anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal
infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself, and by clouds. This property
causes the greenhouse effect.

GHG by sectors
Maximum anthropogenic GHG emission is by Power
Stations (over 21%) as shown in the following chart. It is
followed by the Industrial Processes (around 17%).
 Environment - most fundamental ingredient of the tourism
product.
 The environment is inevitably changed or modified either to
facilitate tourism or through the tourism production process.
 Relatively little research has been undertaken within a
standardized framework to analyze tourism impact on the
environment.
 The empirical studies that have taken place have been very
specific case studies – such as the impact of tourism on the
wildlife of Africa.
Negative Environmental Impacts
 Quality of water
 Air
 Sewage disposal
 Powered boats, inland waterways, and sheltered
seas
 Increased usage of the internal combustion engine

 Oil burning
 noise levels
- nightclubs, entertainment
 Increased road, rail, and air traffic
Strategies for Mitigating Negative Environmental Impacts:
Strategies for Mitigating Negative Environmental Impacts:

It can put enormous

pressure on an area and
lead to
impacts such as soil
erosion, increased
pollution, discharges into
the sea, natural habitat
loss ,increased pressure
on endangered species and
heightened vulnerability to
forest fires.
Strategies to Reduce Impacts on
Aesthetics and Visual Quality
Strategies to Reduce Impacts on Aesthetics and Visual Quality

 Excessive light is unhealthy for humans and animals because it

affects body clock and natural processes such as sleeping.
 Electronic gadgets and outdoor lighting produce lots of blue
wavelength which is very disruptive to the body’s rhythm.
 Blue wavelength signals the human brain the end of the night, the
beginning of day.
 Studies show that excessive exposure to light at night, could lead to
increased in risk for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease.

To mitigate against such related impact:

 Buildings should be oriented to minimize spillover lightning and glare.
 External lighting should be avoided.
 Use of glass and other reflective materials.
 Plants could be used to block the light.
Strategies to Reduce Noise
Strategies to Reduce Noise
References:
Cruz, Reil G. “Tourism Impact and Sustainability”, Rex Bookstore

Hall, Michael C. “Tourism and Climate Change” Routledge Taylor and Francis Group

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=8YF2W4isGIXcrQG9-
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https://www.gktoday.in/gk/greenhouse-gases-ghgs/