SEMINAR ON TV

CAMERA TUBE

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
GURUDATT SHIVHARE MR.VIKAS RATHORE
 CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRODUCTION OF VIDEO SIGNAL
SIGNAL USING PHOTO EMISSION
EFFECT
3. PRINCIPLE OF CAMERA TUBES
4. SILICON VIDICON CAMERA TUBE
5. REFRENCES
INTRODUCTION
A tv camerera tube is a transducer which convert

the variations of light intensity into variations of
electrical current or voltage, knows as video signal.

Few factor by which the quality of camera tubes

describes are as follows

i. Sensitivity
ii.Spectral response
i. spectral response
noise level etc

• These characteristics of camera tube

are fulfilled by using two types of
photo electric effects such as ,photo
emission and photo conductivity
Production of video signal using photo-
electric effect
There are two types of photo electric effects used
for converting variation of light intensity into
electrical variation are namely:-
1) Photo emission
2) Photo conductivity
Photo emission
The photoemission or photoelectric effect is a
quantum electronic phenomenon in which electrons
(photoelectrons) are emitted from matter after the
absorption of energy from electromagnetic
radiation such as UV light or X-ray.
When UV light or X-ray is absorbed by matter,
then photons give energy to the outer valance
electron to allow them to overcome the potential
energy barrier at the surface .
Photo conductivity
In this method of producing an electrical image is
by photoconduction ,where the conductivity or
resistivity of photo sensitive surface varies in
proportion to the intensity of light focused on it.
The semiconductor metals have a property of
photoconductivity .
• The variation in resistance at each point across the
surface of the material are utilized to develop a
varying signal by scanning it uniformly with in an
electron beam.
No. of free electron in the surface of material
created is proportional to intensity of light is
focused.
Basic principle of tv camera tube
An optoelectrical convertor is used to translate
brightness variation into an electrical picture
signal. The purpose of tv camera tube is to sence
each element independently and produces a signal
in electrical form ,proportional to the brightness of
each element.
Light from the scene is focused on photo sensitive
surface known as image plate.
• By making use of photoelectric properties,the image
plate than convert different light intensities
into corresponding electrical variation.

This information is requried to pick in the form of

electrical charges as fast as possible

Scaning by electron beam is employed.

• In the scanning process, the electron beam moves
across the image plate line by line ,field by field to
provide signal variation in a successive order. the
image is divided in to basic picture element by
scanning process.