HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN

REPORT
REPORT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW 4-LANE BRIDGE OVER RIVER GANGA
AT DOWNSTREAM OF FARRAKKA BARRAGE INCLUDING APPROACHES
CONNECTING FARRAKKA-RAIGANJ SECTION OF NH-12
ABOUT THE BRIDGE

• The bridge proposed by NHAI would be located at about 580 meters downstream of the
existing Farrakka barrage
• The bridge would be connected to NH 12 through approaches of about a kilometer long each
on both sides
• Major part of the watershed (Malda and Murshidabad) drains directly into the river and thus
requirement of major cross drainage works across the approaches is not necessitated.
HYDROLOGICAL SURVEY
• The hydrological survey is necessary for providing sufficient water way under the bridge to
pass the design flood safely
• Also for the design of adequate cross drainage structures for the approach roads
• The hydrological survey of the proposed bridge/approach roads is based on the following
data:-
• Observe discharge data of River Ganga at CWC G&D site Farrakka
• Historical flood levels
• River water surface slope
• Manning
• Silt factor
• Rainfall data
• Catchment area
• Existing cross drainage structure
COLLECTION OF DATA
OBSERVE DISCHARGE DATA OF RIVER GANGA AT CWC G&D SITE FARAKKA

• The discharge observation of river Ganga at Farrakka site was done through CWC gauge and
discharge observation site on the Ganga at about a kilometer downstream off the existing
farakka barrage
• The observations consist of daily discharge data and hourly gauge data during the monsoon
periods and 3(thrice) daily gauge data and daily discharge data during non-monsoon period
• The annual peak discharge data for Ganga at farakka for the period 1975- 2013(39 years) was
collected from the chief engineer Lower Ganga Basin Organization CWC Patna for carrying out
frequency analysis to obtain the design flood of 100 years frequency
• Necessary consistency check for randomness and trend were also carried out.
HISTORICAL FLOOD LEVELS

• As per the published literature the River Ganga experienced historical flood in 1998 at
Farrakka The peak discharge was 75900cumec(26.79 lakhs cusec)
• The corresponding water level was +25.30 meter on the downstream of Farrakka barrage
• The flood forecasting and warning network appraisal report for 2010 published by the flood
forecast monitoring directorate CWC New Delhi Reported the HFL recorded on 7-9-2098 at
Farrakka as 25.14 metres .
• The HFL at the proposed location is presumed to be of the same order that is around +25.3
meter as CWC site Is located very near to the proposed bridge location
COEFFICIENT OF RUGOSITY (MANNING COEFFICIENT)

• The value of ‘n’ has been adopted as per soil criteria and river bed characteristics, observed
at site and are based on Table 3 in IRC SP-13 which has been reproduced below in Table 5-1.
• The Ganga River at the proposed bridge location is quite wide and well defined banks .
• The river bed consists of fine sand and the average and value for Indian rivers during high
stage is generally 0.028
• For assessing the design flood level n value for Ganga at Farrakka is considered as 0.03
RAINFALL DATA
• The design flood for the bridge is assessed from frequency analysis of observed annual peak
discharge data at Farrakka over the years 1975-2013(39 years) at CWC gauging site on the
Ganga at Farrakka which is located near the proposed bridge
• For the flood estimation reports published by CWC for lower Ganga Plains subzone 1(g) have
been used
• The storm studies for the subzone have been carried out by IMD have been utilized.(IMD
carries out Rainfall depth duration frequency , time distribution of storm utilizing data of
RDSO and long term data maintained by rainfall stations of IMD/States)
• The storm values are
• The 100 year 24 hour rainfall is 280 mm
• The 50 a 24 hour rainfall is 260 mm
• The 25 year 24 hour rainfall is 240 mm
EXISTING CROSS DRAINAGE STRUCTURE

• Not applicable as the approach roads are constructed through new alignment in open land.
• The cross drainage structures are to be designed to drain the discharge coming fro free
catchment bounded by NH-12,the Ganga and the embankment for approaches.
• This catchment is less than 1 sqkm on either side of the river.
• Since the catchment generally slopes towards Ganga the rain water directly drains into the
river.
DESIGN FLOOD LEVEL

• The 100 year return flood magnitude is assessed as 108909 cubic meter
• The corresponding water level at the bridge site is assessed as +26.28 metre from the G&D
rating curve developed based on observed historical G&D data of Ganga at CWC gauging site
Farrakka
• This level is about one metre above the historical flood level observed at Farrakka
LINEAR WATERWAY

• The linear waterway and effective water we are determined as per para 104 of IRC 5
• The linear waterway required as per Lacey’s Regime width is given by the empirical formula
• W =4.8* Q^ 0.5 where
• W equals to regime width in meters(equal to effective linear waterway under regime
condition
• Q the design maximum discharge in cubic meter
• Substituting values we get
• W=1585m
ACTUAL WATERWAY PROVIDED

• The width of the river from bank to bank at the proposed site is 2530m
• 72 no's of RCC piers of 1m thick are provided resulting in effective linear water way of 2458m
which is way more as per Lacey’s theory
• However the river can not be constricted to Lacey’s regime width because of its proximity to
existing Farrakka barrage(afflux/back water effects)
DISCHARGE PER METRE WIDTH(DB)

• As per IRC 78 para 703.2.1 for the purpose of scour calculation the value of the discharge per
meter weight Db may be determined by dividing the design discharge for foundation by lower
of theoretical and actual effective waterway as given in IRC 5 .
• Therefore discharge per meter weight Db =108909/1585 which comes to 68.75 cubic meters
• The design discharge adopted for the existing Farrakka barrage was 46.44 cubic meter per
meter
SCOUR
• Normal Scour Depth
• The scour Depth is calculated As per the procedure laid down in para 110 of IRC 5-1998
• The normal scour depth is 26.66 meter From HFL(+26.28 metre)
• The normal scour level -0.31 metre
• Maximum Scour Depth
• The maximum scour depths for piers and abutments are considered respectively as 2 times
and 1.27 times the normal scour depth.
• Therefore the maximum scour for
• Piers = 54m(from HFL +26.28m)
• Abutments = 34m(from HFL +26.28m)
• The maximum scour level observed at Farrakka barrage was (-5.0m) as informed informally by
SE Farrakka Barrage.
AFFLUX

• When the bridge contracts the unobstructed waterway in the river afflux occurs in the upstream of the
river which is the difference between the upstream water level and downstream water level
• Afflux calculations have been made via specifications given in article 16 0f IRC-SP-13
• The afflux due to the proposed bridge has been assessed as 0.022m.
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

To ease traffic congestion and free up mohan intersection

This intersection combines major roads that is Sahibabad, Vasundhra, Ghaziabad (GT road , Hindon
Airbase)
In future Mohan nagar intersection is a major interchange for metro commuters.
Moreover authority has also proposed a metro extension from sector 62 to Indiapuram and further to
Mohan nagar

•
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

• Talking about environmental effects about 100 trees were cut down
• Affects near by agricultural land used in precasting of girders and deck slab.
• During precasting of girders chemicals for curing are used which effect nearby land
STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT OF FLYOVER

The 4 lane elevated structure is proposed to have a total width of 17m.

7.5 m carriageway for each direction of traffic
0.5 m wide crash barriers on either outer ends
1.0 m wide median at the centre.
Vertical clearance varying from 5.8m to 6.8m is provided
Post-tensioned I-girders with cast in situ deck slab is proposed as superstructure.
The c/c distance between 2 adjacent girders is 2.2m
The girders shall be resting on POT-PTFE bearing.
Pier cap shall be cantilevered out to accommodate the girders.
• The foundation system consists of bored cast in situ pile groups of 1.2m diameter with average founding
levels about 25 m below the existing ground level.
• Six numbers of piles are proposed for the abutments
• 8 numbers are proposed for piers.
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

• Pre tensioned Girders

• Post tensioned Girders
• POT PTFE bearings
• Deck Slab
• Piers
PRE TENSIONED GIRDERS

• This is a type of prestressed concrete that facilitates rapid construction of a bridge using girders that are
fabricated off site
• Used due to large traffic at Mohan Nagar intersection.
• Analysis of girder is done considering it as a simply supported beam
• Loading includes dead load of each deck slab, live load of vehicles, superimposed dead load of median,
wearing coat, crash barriers.
POST TENSIONED GIRDERS
• This is a type of pre cast concrete that facilitates rapid construction of a bridge using girders which are
tensioned on site using bars knitting.
• Girders are used as a pier cap
• Analysis of girders is done considering it as a cantilever.
• Best for highly congested area like Mohan Nagar.
• Loading includes dead load of each deck slab, live load of vehicles, superimposed dead load of median,
wearing coat, crash barriers and I section girders
 BEARINGS

• A POT bearing consists of circular, non-reinforced elastomeric pad, totally enclosed in a steel pot with
the load applied to the elastomer via a piston attached to the upper bearing plate. A seal is used to
prevent rubber extruding between piston and pot.
• POT PTFE ( Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene) is a kind of bearing used in Ghaziabad flyover by GDA
• FUNCTION: A bridge bearing is a component of a bridge which typically provides a resting surface
between bridge piers and the bridge deck. The purpose of a bearing is to allow
controlled movement and thereby reduce the stresses involved.
PAVEMENT DESIGN

• Approaching pavement is designed for 20 MSA

• Adjacent pavements is designed for 15 MSA with a soil cbr of 8%
• Number of commercial vehicles per day as per survey
•
PAVEMENT ARRANGEMENT