Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Muscles of Mastication
Muscles of Mastication
OF ORTHODONTICS
AND
DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS
SRI AUROBINDO COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
AND P.G. INSTITUTE
SEMINAR 3
Muscles of mastication
BY:CHAITREE DE
PG 1ST YEAR
1
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Embryology
3. Evolution
4. Anatomy
5. Mastication
6. Role in orthodontics
7. Conclusion
8. Reference
2
INTRODUCTION
They are :
1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Medial pterygoid
4. Lateral pterygoid
3
4
EMBRYOLOGY
5
• Differentiation of the cells begin by 7th week of I.U.
life.
7
• Muscles grow by division of fibres during early fetal
life till 4 months I.U. , after which growth is via
hypertrophy of the muscle fibres.
8
EVOLUTION
9
• The teeth are the fundamental unit in determining the
type of joint and musculature.
10
ANATOMY
Classification
PRIMARY MUSCLES OF ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF
MASTICATION MASTICATION
MASSETER MYLOHYOID
TEMPORALIS STYLOHYOID
11
Classification on the basis of function :-
12
MASSETER :-
• Quadrilateral shaped
muscle.
• Strongest masticatory
muscle.
• Superficial layer
From anterior 2/3 of lower
border of zygomatic arch and
adjoining zygomatic process
of maxilla.
• Middle layer
From anterior 2/3 of deep
surface and posterior 1/3 of
lower border of zygomatic
arch.
14
• Deep layer
from deep surface of
zygomatic arch.
15
• The superficial fibres pass
downwards and backwards at
45 degrees.
16
INSERTION:
• Superficial layer
Into lower part of lateral
surface of ramus of mandible.
• Middle layer
Into middle part of ramus.
• Deep layer
Into upper part of ramus and
coronoid process of the
mandible.
17
• The muscle is supplied by
the masseteric branch of
anterior division of
mandibular nerve.
• Blood is supplied by
masseteric artery branch of
maxillary artery.
• Venous drainage by
masseteric vein.
18
• Elevates mandible to close
mouth to bite.
19
RELATIONS:
Laterally: superficial fascia,
duct of parotid gland and
superficial parotid, facial
nerve, facial vein , facial
artery , risorius, zygomaticus
major.
Medially : lateral surface of
mandible, submasseteric
space.
Anteriorly: buccinator
Posteriorly: deep part of
parotid.
20
TEMPORALIS
• Largest muscle of
mastication.
21
ORIGIN :
23
• Two deep temporal
branches from anterior
division of mandibular
nerve.
25
RELATIONS :
26
MEDIAL PTERYGOID :
27
ORIGIN :
• Superficial head:
From tuberosity of maxilla and
adjoining bone.
• Deep head:
From medial surface of lateral
pterygoid plate and adjoining
process of palatine bone.
28
• Fibres run downwards,
backwards and laterally.
INSERTION:
• Blood is supplied by
pterygoid branch of maxillary
artery.
30
• It elevates the mandible.
31
RELATIONS:
32
LATERAL PTERYGOID
33
ORIGIN:
• Upper head
Pterygoid fovea on anterior
surface of neck of condyle.
• Lower head
Anterior margin of articular disc
and capsule of TMJ. Insertion is
posterolateral and slightly higher
than origin.
35
• Nerve supply is by a branch of
anterior division of
mandibular nerve.
36
• Depress the mandible to open
mouth with suprahyoid
muscles.
37
RELATIONS:
39
Muscle Origin Fibres Insertion Nerve Actions
supply
Stylohyoid : Posterior Tendon Junction of body Facial Pulls hyoid
Lies on upper surface of perforated by and greater nerve upwards and
border of styloid tendon of cornua of hyoid backwards.
posterior process posterior bone. Fix the hyoid
belly of bigastric belly. bone with
digastric. other
muscles.
Mylohyoid: Mylohyoid Fibres run Posterior fibres: Nerve to Lifts the floor
flat , line of medially and body of hyoid mylohyo- of mouth
triangular,for mandible downwards. bone. id during 1st
ms floor of Anterior and stage of
mouth. Middle fibres: degluttition.
median raphe Depression of
between mandible
mandible and Elevates hyoid
hyoid bone
Geniohyoid: Inferior Genial Fibres run Anterior surface Hypogloss Elevtes hyoid.
lies above tubercles upwards and of body of hyoid -al nerve Depresses
medial part of forwards. bone. mandible.
mylohyoid 40
ROLE IN ORTHODONTICS
41
42
43