HUMAN

FREEDOM
WHAT IS FREEDOM?
BASED ON KANT’S PERCEPTION
KANT’S HUMAN FREEDOM
- In Kant’s philosophy, Freedom is defined as the ability to
govern one’s action on the basis of reason, and not
desire.

- He emphasizes that the freedom of man is solely based

not on animalistic nature imposed from birth but rather to
lie by the laws imposed to yourself
KANT’S HUMAN FREEDOM
- Kant also defined it in a concept of: WHAT SHOULD I DO?

- Correspondingly, it is closely related to the idea of

AUTONOMY which translates as “self legislator”.

- Kant emphasizes the moral law as a way to know the self

as a free person which obedience falls under the law
created by yourself.
TRADITIONAL PERCEPTION
OF FREEDOM
TRADITIONAL FREEDOM
- The traditional sense of freedom falls under the idea of:
“one’s ability to righteously act, speak, and think the way
they wish”

- Philosophers throughout the history argued that this is the

state which man is most willing to live in and the principle
that lead to the rise of new nations and democratic
governments.
TRADITIONAL FREEDOM
- Apparently, when an average person, faced with
presented with alternative choices, one would pick in the
sense of desire.
- Kant defined this concept of freedom as “The Idea of
Freedom”. It commonly known today as libertarian
freedom.
- Libertarians would state that one is free when they can
choose what they want.
- However, Kant’s perception of freedom contradicts the
idea of libertarians and believes that choosing what you
want isn’t really freedom.
KANT ON REASON
KANT ON REASON
- The ideal notion of reason is to derived conclusion on the
basis of objectives rather than subjectivity.

- However, Kant perceive reason as the usage of

intelligence, an instrumental reason.

- He coined the idea as “Pure Reason” where one considers

“good” and “bad”.
KANT ON REASON
- The most important aspect of Pure Reason is that is it
related to libertarian freedom.

- Libertarian freedom, on the other hand, defined by Kant

as enslavement to your desire.

- He set this concept as the boundary where one cannot

use desire as a fuel of rationality in defining what is moral.
WHAT IS FREEDOM?
THE HUMAN FREEDOM
- Freedom is the most sublime of all human preoccupations.
It is the highest good that all persons struggle to protect

- It is also considered as the human person’s innermost

capacity for exercising independent actions, which are
based what the moral understanding of what is true or
false claims and right or wrong actions.
THE HUMAN FREEDOM
- Freedom is the most sublime of all human preoccupations.
It is the highest good that all persons struggle to protect

- It is also considered as the human person’s innermost

capacity for exercising independent actions, which are
based what the moral understanding of what is true or
false claims and right or wrong actions.
THE HUMAN FREEDOM
- In a different sense, the concept of being free is not to be
hindered by anything that limits an individual striving for
what is important. Namely: One’s life plans and goals
- Both senses perhaps contain the most inclusive idea of
understanding freedom and justify the offshoot variety of
claims explicitly in form of FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION and
AESTHETIC FREEDOM
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
- Covers the individual rights to free speech, to free press, to
form a political assembly that sometimes critical to the
policies of government.

- It also pertains to the right to choose which religions

institution to belong to.
AESTHETIC FREEDOM
AESTHETIC FREEDOM
- Lies in the individual person’s capacity to choose,
promote and express her inner sensibilities and
conceptions of beauty.

- This covers the free expression in the arts and can be

extended to the distinction of taste that is the preference
for certain dress codes to wear, conversational styles to
say, and even in acquired taste of food to eat.
Note:
- However, in most cases, both freedom of expression and
of the aesthetics intertwine in the multi-layered spaces in
the social reality
- For example: If one is born a Christian, she is bound to
obey the precepts of her religion. On this regard, she is
bound to avoid the instances that offends the faith that
she professes in her being a Christian. Hence, for instance,
she would avoid making fun of religious images even at
the pretext of the arts.
Note:
- However, in most cases, both freedom of expression and
of the aesthetics intertwine in the multi-layered spaces in
the social reality
- For example: If one is born a Christian, she is bound to
obey the precepts of her religion. On this regard, she is
bound to avoid the instances that offends the faith that
she professes in her being a Christian. Hence, for instance,
she would avoid making fun of religious images even at
the pretext of the arts.
WHY IS THERE A NEED OF DISCUSSION
OF FREEDOM?
HISTORICAL STRUGGLES FOR FREEDOM
- In the concept of historical concept in freedom, it shows
the how freedom is being deprived from certain historical
players.
- It includes also the high demand of people for the
recognition of their freedom.
- Historical concepts also give rise to the manifestations of
different historical struggle and the creation of principles
that lead to the examination of existing principles
HISTORICAL STRUGGLES FOR FREEDOM
- THE HOLOCAUST - also known as the Shoah, was the World
War II genocide of the European Jews. Between 1941 and
1945, across German-occupied Europe, Nazi Germany
and its collaborators systematically murdered some six
million Jews, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish
population.
- EDSA POWER REVOLUTION - The People Power Revolution
was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines,
mostly in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986. There
was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against
regime violence and alleged electoral fraud.
HISTORICAL STRUGGLES FOR FREEDOM
- THE HOLOCAUST - also known as the Shoah, was the World
War II genocide of the European Jews. Between 1941 and
1945, across German-occupied Europe, Nazi Germany
and its collaborators systematically murdered some six
million Jews, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish
population.
- EDSA POWER REVOLUTION - The People Power Revolution
was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines,
mostly in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986. There
was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against
regime violence and alleged electoral fraud.
THE CONCEPTUAL GUISES OF FREEDOM
LIBERAL TRADITION
- Full expression of self’s governing power.

- Usually it is the understanding of liberals holding a position

which may be contrary to what is already assumed in
common practices.
LIBERAL TRADITION
- Liberalism found both its full theoretical inception and
articulation in the Modern Time with the help of the
contribution of German Enlightenment thinker Emmanuel
Kant.
- For Kant, there are 2 important components of the theory
of liberalism: MORAL and EPISTEMOLOGICAL