CONTROL OF AIR

POLLUTION BY PROCESS
CHANGES

- BY SHRADDHA MALVE
MT19ENV017
 CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Definition
 Methods for process change
 Case Study
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION
 Pollution control is an essential task and an integral part of the process
of industrialization.
 Appropriate laws have been passed that restrict and regulate the
growth of pollution intensive industries, especially in metropolitan
cities.
 It has been made obligatory for industrial units to adopt measures to
control pollution.
 This is to satisfy the requirements of the standards of air quality as per
NAAQS by CPCB.
 The control of air pollution is done by many techniques and one of the
best technique is control of air pollution by process change.
 DEFINITION

 The technique which involves modification of the

previous technology or creation of new technology to
control the release of air pollutants from an industry
(source) is known as Control Of Air Pollution By Process
Change.
 It is a major factor in pollution prevention.
 It does not require use of any air pollution control
device.
 METHODS OF PROCESS
CHANGE

Substitution of Modification or Changes in

Modification of
raw materials or replacement of operational
the process itself
fuel process equipment practices
 SUBSTITUTION OF RAW MATERIAL OR
FUELS
It has been used successfully to control atmospheric
pollution. Examples are:
 Use of low volatile coals in place of high volatile coals :
Eliminates smoke and soot in many industrial and
commercial heating applications.
 Use of low-sulphur fuel instead of high-sulphur fuel :
Reduces SO2 discharge into atmosphere.
 Substituting bauxite flux for fluorspar : in open hearth
furnaces.
MODIFICATION OF THE PROCESS ITSELF

 It involves the addition or elimination of one or more unit

operations.
 Certain unit operations may also be modified.
 For ex. For disposing combustible refuse, the practice of
incineration is discarded in favour of sanitary landfill.
 Another example is application of fluxing material to the
surface of molten brass in Brass Foundry practice. This
acts as an evaporation barrier and prevents emission of
brass fumes.
 MODIFICATION OR REPLACEMENT OF
PROCESS EQUIPMENT

 This may include:

• Modification of one or more items of process equipment.
• Replacement or repair of faulty equipment.
• Substitution of one type of equipment by another type.
 Ex. Use of vapour recovery systems to control losses in
handling volatile materials like absorbers and condensers.
 Another example is Substitution of reverberatory furnaces
for cupolas in cast iron foundries.
CHANGES IN OPERATIONAL PRACTICES

 A good example is a thermal power plant: By using low-

sulphur fuel instead of high-sulphur fuel, the rate of
release of SO2 from coal burning operations can be
reduced.
 Fuel additives are effective in reducing smoke emissions
from turbines. They may also be used to reduce emissions
of soot, smoke, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
 CASE STUDY – CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

 The conventional method used for production of sulphuric

acid is single contact process.
 The conversion efficiency in single contact process is about
97% to 98%.
 Double Catalysis Double Absorption (DCDA) is a new process
found to replace single contact process.
 The conversion efficiency in DCDA process is about 99.5%.
 Thus DCDA process reduces SO2 emission from 2000-5000
ppm to less than 500 ppm in stack gases.
 CONCLUSION

 This pollution prevention technology helps in reducing

the emission of air pollutants without use of any
pollution control device.
 It is very economical in real practices and paves way
towards finding new energy resources.
 Advancement in technology can help in control of air
pollution to a greater extent.
 REFERENCES

 Book : Air Pollution by M N Rao and H V N Rao

 Processes Of Manufacturing Sulphuric Acid by Mohammad
Al- Ameen and Sebnem Salin
 Air-pollution Control: Assessing The Options by Thomas F.
McGowan
 Wikipedia