INTRODUCTION -:

• Water jet machining is a non traditional type of machining where a

high velocity water jet is used to remove materials from a workpiec
e.

01/11/2019 water jet machining process

WORKING PRINCIPLE-:
• The water jet machining involves directing a high pressure high vel
ocity water jet to the surface to be machined.
• The kinetic energy of water jet after striking the work surface is red
uced to zero.
• This bulk of kinetic energy of jet is converted into pressure energy.
• If the local pressure caused by the water jet exceeds the strength of t
he surface being machined, the material from the surface gets erode
d and a cavity is thus formed.

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MACHINING SETUP-:
The apparatus of water jet machining consists of the following compo
nents:

•Reservoir: It is used for storing water that is to be used in the machi

ning operation.
•Pump: It pumps the water from the reservoir.
•Intensifier: It is connected to the pump. It pressurizes the water acqu
ired from the pump to a desired level.

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• Accumulator: It is used for temporarily storing the pressurized wat
er. It is connected to the flow regulator through a control valve.
• Control Valve: It controls the direction and pressure of pressurized
water that is to be supplied to the nozzle.
• Flow regulator: It is used to regulate the flow of water.
• Nozzle: It renders the pressurized water as a water jet at high veloci
ty.

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01/11/2019 schematic diagram of water jet machining
Industrial grade water jet cutter Mini water jet cutter

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Working of Water Jet Machining-:
• Water from the reservoir is pumped to the intensifier using a hydrau
lic pump.
• The intensifier increases the pressure of the water to the required le
vel. Usually, the water is pressurized to 200 to 400 MPa.
• Pressurized water is then sent to the accumulator. The accumulator t
emporarily stores the pressurized water.

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 water jet machining setup
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• Pressurized water then enters the nozzle by passing through the contr
ol valve and flow regulator.
• Control valve controls the direction of water and limits the pressure
of water under permissible limits.
• Flow regulator regulates and controls the flow rate of water.

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• Pressurized water finally enters the nozzle. Here, it expands with
a tremendous increase in its kinetic energy. High velocity water j
et is produced by the nozzle.
• When this water jet strikes the workpiece, stresses are induced. T
hese stresses are used to remove material from the workpiece.

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ADVANTAGES-:

• Water jet machining is a relatively fast process.

• It prevents the formation of heat affected zones on the workpiece.
• It automatically cleans the surface of the workpiece.
• WJM has excellent precision. Tolerances of the order of ±0.005″ ca
n be obtained.
• It does not produce any hazardous gas.
• Hazardous airborne dust contamination and waste disposal problem
s that are common when using other cleaning methods are eliminate
d.
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DISADVANTAGES-:

• Very thick parts can not be cut with water jet cutting
• It is not suitable for mass production because of high maintenance r
equirements.

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APPLICATIONS-:

• Water jet machining is used to cut thin non-metallic sheets.

• It is used to cut rubber, wood, ceramics and many other soft materia
ls.
• It is used for machining circuit boards.
• It is used in food industry.
• It is used for cutting rocks.
• It is used for removing surface deposits on pipes, castings, etc witho
ut any toxic chemical.
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REFERENCES-:

1. nptel.ac.in
2. mechteacher.com

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