 Pigments or colours can be derived from many

sourses .
 Earth and natural dyes.
 Can be chemically synthesized .
 Altamira caves in northern spain and at lascaux
in south of france.
 The pigments they used burnt wood bone
chalk and earth colours.
 Egyptians used a techniques of hot wax , they
used seven colours blue copper green yellow
red light blue and white.
 The romans added indigo.
 End of middle ages majority of paintings were
in distemper or tempra.
 The most common technique and medium in
romanesque .
 Traditionally egg white and egg yolk are used
toghter with oil such as lincid oil.
 In italian language fresco means fresh.
 We know as a wall painting technique in which
powder pigments or colours are mixed in
water and applied to awet lime plaster ground.
 WATER COLORS AND GOUACHE
 PASTEL
 ACRYLIC
 2 types of pigments are used in miniature
 Organic, Derived from Plant or Animal matter.
 Inorganic, or “stone colors” made form semi precious stones e.g. Lapis Lazuli, Malachite or
other such minerals etc
 The pigments are then ground and sifted to satisfaction.
 The powder is then mixed with “Safaida” ( White Powder) to make an opaque pigment.
 Gum Arabic is added as a binder to make a Gouache like medium.
 In keeping with tradition the colors are then stored in “Shells” in stead of European palettes.
 Shells are easy to store and to reactivate the pigment from.
 The interior of the shell is white and is compatible with the Safaida.
In keeping with tradition the
colorsstored in “Shells” in
stead of European palettes.
Tools used in
miniature painting,
Different types of
Brushes, Qalum, and
Liner.
 A highly detailed under drawing
is made, then the under drawing
is reinforced by a dark, usually
black pigment, applied with a
single brush hair.
 After that the color was applied.

 There are several methods of

color application

1. “ Siyah Qalam” (Black brush),

Monochromatic form of
painting.

2. “Neem Rung” (Half colored).,

With hints of color, added to
some parts of the painting.

3. “Gudd Rung” (Fully colored), in

it the entire painting is rendered
with gouache and burnished.
Mazmahil practices
medicine on the
sorcerors,Brooklyn
Museum of Art,Mughal
dynasty 1570,India
Alamshah cuts the chain
of the wheel in two(and
blocks the water) India
Mughal Dynasty circa
1570 ,69x52.2cm
 Jahangir in Derbar (or Prince
Khurramleaving on the
Mewar Campaiagn ), circa
1635. signed Balchand. An
illustration from the
Badshah-nama. Royal
Library, Windsor Castle.
 Akber Hands His Imperial
Crown to Shah Jahan, dated
1631. Signed Bishitr. A page
from the Minto Album.
Chester Beauty Library,
Dublin.
 The Surrender of
Qandhar. Circa 1640-1645.
An illustration from the
Badshah-nama. Musee
Guimet, Paris
krishna and radha in the groves.kangra.1800.
The one who goes out to
meet her lover. Late
Pahadi.1863. National
Museum.
Radha and Krishna.
 Radha and Krishna.
 Detail