INTRODUCTION TO

TEXTILE DESIGN
WHAT IS TEXTILE

 The word textile come from the Latin verb texere a word which was
used by Romans means weave to braid ,to construct.it is a versatile
word .Textiles are made of perishable , material and only survive
after millions of years ago preserved under exceptional
circumstances such as felts discovered in Mongolia around 4th
century Egyptians tombs contains paintings of spinning and
weaving linen early hunters utilized the skin of animals and craft of
baskets . Basically textile represents living culture and we study the
methods and techniques that has been practicing from
generations to generations.
 INTRODUCTION

 The history of the world can be read in textile . The rise of the
civilization and the fall of empires are woven into their wrap and
weft along with the great stories of conquest religion and trade .
The history of textile is very long and there is no written record
survive, but we do know that more than 5000 years ago Egyptian
mummies were wrapped in a linen fabric. The earliest sheep wool
was found in Mesopotamia , on the bank of Euphrates, about 4000
BC. 1000 years latter ,cotton was used in the world & silk was first
cultivated and woven in china in about 2650 BC.
 There are also other textile developments have left
memories to research. EGYPICIANS tomb paintings show
costumes printed with designs 2000 BC at the same time
in clay cylinders were used to print border patterns . Five
hundred years later both Mexico and clay were using a
tie technique batik as well. After 2000 years patterned
cloth was manufactured in diverse countries and
cultures like GREECE JAPAN PERSIA NIGERIA AND
EUROPE.
 In modern times printed fabric are an integral part of our
every life .Textile designers create attractive material
used in making various type of outfits .contemporary
textile designer's demonstrate their imaginations and
skills in number of ways . Textile designer has to cultivate
and mastery over the following three skills .
 1. designing
 2 .working with colour
 3 . Doing repeats
 DESIGN COLOUR & REPEAT

 A textile design begins on paper with an idea or theme . When the idea is
fully developed the designer tries it out with various colours combinations
before starting the layout .
 The colours selected for a design are of prime importance . Designers have
been known to get away with a mediocre design due to pleasing selection
of colours , on the other hand the excellent design have been ruined
because of a poor choice of colours.
 A repeat is a finalized interpretation of a pattern that has been designed
and painted to meet the exact requirements of the printing process and
design will be printed over and over again in a continuous flow .
TECHNIQUES OF TEXTILE DESIGN
 BATIK

 BLEACH

 STIPPLING

 SPATTERING

 SPONGE

 WRAP

 EMBROIDERY

 DRY BRUSH

 BLOCK PRINTING

 TYE &DYE

 SILK PRINTING

 SCREEN PRINTING

 weaving
BATIK
 BATIK
 BATIK: IS AN ANCIENT WAX RESISTING METHOD OF PRINTING DESIGNS ON
FABRICS KNOWN IN MODERN TIMES AS A RESIST METHOD . CERTAIN AREAS
OF THE FABRIC ARE COVERED WITH THE WAX BEFORE IT IS DIPPED INTO DYE .
THE AREAS THAT HAVE BEEN WAXED RESIST PENETRATION BY THE DYE . SO
WHEN THE WAX REMOVED THE DESIGN EMERGES . THE PROCESS MAY BE
REPEATED MANY TIMES TO ACHIEVE THE FINNAL EFFECTS. AN EXTING THING
OF BATIK METHOD IS THAT THE WAX DRIED AND CRACKS APPEARS ON THE
CLOTH.
 BLEACH
 THIS TECHNIQUE IS USED ON DESIGNS WITH A DYED BACKGROUND . IT IS
USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PAINTING THE BACKGROUND AROUND THE
MOTIF CALLED BLOTING .THE BLEACH REMOVES AREAS OF COLOUR FROM A
DYED GROUND MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO APPLY A NEW COLOUR TO THIS
AREA.THIS TECHNIQUE IS VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN LIGHT OR BRIGHT COLOURS
ARE USED ON DARKER GROUND AREAS.
STIPPLING
IS A METHOD IN WHICH SMALL DOTS ARE USED INSTEAD OF SHADING MOTIFS
AND BACKGROUNDS. PEN AND INK BRUSH AND PAINT MARKER AND
TECHNICAL PEN ARE SOME OF THE IMPORTANT TOOL THAT CAN USED TO
ACHIEVE A STIPPLNG EFFECTS . DEPENDING ON THE DESGINS GOUACHE DYE
COLOURED PENCILS CAN BE USED FOR STIPPLE DOTS.
SPATTERING

 THE SPATTER TECHNIQUE IS ONE IN WHICH THE DESIGNER

EMPLOYS A TOOTHBRUSH AND SPOON TO CREATE
SHADED COLOUR ,VERY MUCH SIMILAR TO STIPPLING BUT
CAN PRODUCE FINER SHADES MORE QUICKLY.
SPONGE
THE SPONGE TECHNIQUE IS USED TO
CREATE A TEXTURED EFFECTS ON
FLOWERS AND OTHER MOTIFS BY
USING DAUBING PAINTS ON THE
DESIGN. THIS METHOD IS USED TO GIVE
BACKGROUND EFFECTS.
EMBROIDERY, DRY BRUSH ,WRAP

 A DESIGN CAN BE PAINTED ENTIRELY OR EMBROIDERY STITCHES OR STITCHES

CAN BE USED ON TOP OF AND AROUND THE EDGES OF MOTIFS SO THAT THEY
APPEAR TO BE SEWN ON TO THE BACKGROUND THIS TECHNIQUE CREATES
APPLIQUE LOOK.
 DRY BRUSH: THE DRY BRUSH TECHNIQUE USED TO PAINT SHADED
EFFECTS WITH BRUSH STROKES .
 WRAP : EFFECTS ON A DESGIN EMPHASIZES THE VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL
THEARDS THAT CAN BE SEEN ON WOVEN FABRIC .THE VERTICAL THEARDS
CALLED WARPS AND HORIZONTAL ARE WEFTS . A WRAP LOOK CAN BE
SIMULATED BY PAINTING ON TOP OF AND AROUND , THE EDGED OF THE
MOTIFS.
WOOD BLOCK
 THIS TECHNIQUE SIMULATES A WOOD BLOCK PRINT APPEARANCE . IT IS MOST
EFFECTIVE ON TROPICAL FLORAL OR ANIMAS PATTERNS.IT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO
PRODUCED PATTERNED CLOTH SO QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY AND IT IS THE MOST
CHEAP AND POPULAR AS WELL.
 TEXTILE PRINTING METHODS ; IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY FOUR PRIMARY TEXTILE
PRINTING METHODS OR PROCESSES ;ROTAR,Y COPPER ROLLER FLAT BED SCREEN,
AND HEAT TRANSFER.
 HAND SCREEN PRINTING IS DONE ENTIRELY BY HAND AND PRODUCED THE MOST
BEAUTIFUL AND EXPANSIVE PRINTED FABRICS.SCREEN PRINTING IS THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE STENCIL SILK IS STRETCHED ACROSS THE
WOODEN FRAME AND PARTS OF IT ARE MASKED OFF EITHER PAPER OR ACETATE
INK IS THEN POURED INTO THE FRAME AND FORCED THROUGH THE SILK WITH THE
RUBBER SQUEEGEE ONTO A SHEET OF FABRIC WHERE THE SILK HAS BEEN MASKED ,
THE INK IS UNABLE TO PENETRATE AND CANNOT REACH THE FABRIC BENEATH.
WEAVING
 WEAVING IS ALSO VERY PRIMITIVE TECHNIQUE IT IS ONE OF THE OLDEST ARTS
AND CRAFT BECAUSE EARLY CIVILZATION NEEDS FOR CLOTHING AND SHELTER
THEY LEARN TWISTING FROM GRASS AND PLANTS STALLS EARLY SURVIVING
EVIDENCE OF FIBER CRAFTS FROM LATE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD . THEY USED
FLAX FIBER FOR TWISTING CUTTING AND EVEN DYING RANGE OF COLOURS
AND ADE BASKETS AROUND 30,000-36,000 YEARS AGO THE MOST COMMON
METHOD IS PLAIN WEAVELATER THEY EXPLORE OTHER TECHNIQUES PRIMITIVE
MATERIAL THEY USED LEAF FIBERS HAIRS WOOL FUR HEMP EXTRA THIS
TECHNIQUE PROVIDES A METHOD OF PRODUCING DESIGNS ON FABRIC
NATURAL FABRIC COME FROM VERIATY OF SOURSES AS WELL AS PROTEIN
(ANIMAL SOURSE) (PLANT SOURSE) SUCH AS FLAX COTTON WOOL AND SILK
AND ANGORA GOAT PRODUCE MOHAIR CAMEL HAIR POPULAR IN WEST
CASHMERE FROM KASHMIR GOATS AND JUTE .
 IT IS VERY SIMPLE ART OF INTERLACING ONE ELEMENT IN AND OUT OF
ANOTHER . INTERLACING FABRICS CAN BE WOVEN USING THE
FINGERS ALONE BUT THE MOST COMPLEX AND SOPHISTICATED RESULT
ARE ACHIEVED USING A LOOM . THE MOST BASIC LOOM IS WOODEN
FRAME .THERE ARE THREE BASIC METHODS OF INTERLACING THE WRAP
AND WEFT TOGETHER TABBY, TWILL AND SATIN WEAVE THEY ARE
CALLED BINDING SYSTEMS AND DIFFER IN NUMBER OF WRAPS THE
WEFT ACROSSES BEFORE PASSING TO THE OTHER FACE OF FABRIC.
DYES AND TECHNIQUES
DYEING IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH YARN OR FABRIC IS
IMMERSED IN A SOLUTION PRODUCED BY BOILING UP
SELECTED RAW MATERIAL OR DRY STUFFS. IN ORIGIN THESE
MAY BE ANIMALS VEGETABLES ONION SKINS FOR YELLOW
OR MINERAL (IRON OXIDE FOR RED) INDGO IS THE OLDEST
DYESTUFF KNOWN TO MAN HAVING BEEN IN USE SINCE 2500
BC DURING THE OLD KINGDOM OF ANCIENT EGYPT .
tT
TIE AND DYE

 DYEING ONLY SELECTED PARTS OF A PIECE OF CLOTH IS A

TRICKY PROCESS AS DYE S NATURAL TENDENCY IS TO RUN
ALONG THE FIBRES OF A PIECE OF CLOTH . IT IS EASIER TO
PREPARE THE CLOTH BEFORE DYEING IN SUCH A WAY THAT
IN CERTAIN AREAS THE ABSORPTION OF A DYE IS RESISTED
. TYE AND DYE IS ONE OF THE SIMPLEST DYE RESIST
TECHNIQUE .
 TECHNIQUES
 CHUNNRI TECHNIQUE
 SUN TECHNIQUE
 MARBLING TECHNIQUE
 PLETEING TECHNIQUE
 KNOTING TECHNIQUE
 PYRIMID TECHNIQUE
 RUCHING TECHNIQUE
 JAPANESE SHIBORI TECHNIQUE
 STITCHED TECHNIQUE
 LEHERIA
 IKET
 EMBELLISHMENTS

 THE COVERINGS OF SHELLS , BEADS , AND SHINNY OBJECTS WITH

WHICH TO ADRON CLOTHING AND APPEARLS FOR ATTRACTION