TEN COMMANDMENTS OF

HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

1. Thou shall learn about this poisonous gas called H2S,

sour gas, stink damp, etc. (It is very poisonous!) that thy days
in this land may be long enough for thee to collect thy Social
Security.

2. Thou shall know that H2S temporarily destroys the

sense of smell after the first whiff or three, so that thee may
no longer smell the gas and may falsely think that the gas
has blown away, when in fact it may not have done
anything of the sort. Thou shall know in thy heart that H2S
is a product of putrefaction (how do thee think it got that
odor of rotten eggs?
3. Thou shall realize that the maximum H2S thou should
breathe in an eight-hour period is 10 ppm (10 parts of H2S to
1,000,000 parts of air equals 10 ppm; this is an 0.001%
concentration of the gas)

4. Thou shall always remember that lower concentrations

of H2S produces irritation to the eyes, throat and respiratory
tract, and may produce coughing, eye burning, and/or
sleepiness.

5. Thou shall never forget that concentrations of H2S

over about 500 ppm (0.05%) may well knock thee out and
cause thee to fall with a thud from thy perch, perhaps busting
thy butt or breaking thy neck, or drowning thee in water or
oil.
6. Thou shall come to know in thy heart that H2S
concentrations over 600 ppm (0.06%) likely will gather
thee to thy ancestors…PDQ!

7. Thou shall covet for thy own use the best approved
air mask and personal monitor for H2S when thy work
requires that thee enter an area where the concentrations
IS or MAY BE above safe levels.

8. Thy mind shall come to know that H2S is colorless

so that the eye cannot perceive it, and that it is heavier
than air so that it settles in low places.
9. Remove thy neighbor (or co-worker) to fresh air at
once if he should fall victim to H2S. Remember to exercise
due caution in the rescue lest thee, too, fall to the smelly gas.
Render rescue breathing unto thy fallen neighbor if he be
unconscious and not breathing, that the breath of life may
be sustained in him. Get the fallen one to a physician with
great haste.

10. Demand not that thy God protect thee from thy
foolishness when thou tread where angels fear to go, for thy
God gave thee a brain and expects thee to use it!

KNOW THOU ABOUT HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS

6. Thou shall come to know in thy heart that H2S
concentrations over 600 ppm (0.06%) likely will gather
thee to thy ancestors…PDQ!

7. Thou shall covet for thy own use the best approved
air mask and personal monitor for H2S when thy work
requires that thee enter an area where the concentrations
IS or MAY BE above safe levels.

8. Thy mind shall come to know that H2S is colorless

so that the eye cannot perceive it, and that it is heavier
than air so that it settles in low places.
 OCCURRING NATURALLY
• Oilfields - Drilling & Production
• Mines
• Volcanoes
• Geothermal Exploration
• By-Product of Chemical Process
• Catalyst for Chemical Reaction
• Pulp Paper Industry
• Asphalt Roofing Industry
• Gold Ore Workers
• Felt Makers
• Miners
• Fishing Industry
• Breweries
• Tanneries
• Slaughterhouses
• Manure Processing
• Municipal Sewers
 KEY DEFINITIONS

Oxygen Deficient - Atmosphere in which there is not enough

oxygen to sustain life. Normal atmosphere contains 20.8%
oxygen. An oxygen deficient atmosphere contains less than
19.5% oxygen.

Oxygen Enriched - Atmosphere containing more than

23.5% oxygen.

Flammable Vapors - Any material in a gas form that will

explode when mixed with enough oxygen and exposed to a
source of ignition.
Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) - Largest concentration of gas
or vapor in air which can catch fire or explode when exposed to
a source of ignition.

Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) - The smallest

concentration of gas or vapor in air which can catch fire or
explode when exposed to a source of ignition.

LEL / UEL - The flammable range will vary from gas to

gas; therefore it is important to know which gas you are
testing for.
Flash Point - The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives
off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air and
produce a flame when a source of ignition is present.

Vapor Pressure - The pressure exerted by a volatile liquid

at a specified temperature.

Vapor Density - The weight of a vapor or gas compared to

the weight of an equal volume of air. Materials lighter than
air have vapor densities less than 1.0 (acetylene, methane,
hydrogen). Materials heavier than air (propane, hydrogen
sulfide, ethane, chlorine) have vapor densities greater than
1.0. Lighter vapors and gases will tend to rise while
heavier vapors are likely to concentrate in low places.
Inert Gas - Gas or mixture of gases which contains only
trace amounts of oxygen. Nitrogen is considered to be an
inert gas.
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - A term used by the
ACGIH to express the airborne concentration of a
material to which nearly all persons can be exposed day
after day, without adverse affects. The TLV may be
expressed as a TWA (Time Weighted Average). This
allows for the concentration to go up and down over the
course of the work day as long as the average exposure
does not exceed the TLV or PEL for the material.
Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV/C) - The
maximum concentration that should not be exceeded,
even instantaneously, without proper protective
equipment.
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) - Refers to exposures to a
higher concentration than the TLV or PEL with limits placed on
the time you can be exposed. STEL exposures are limited to 15
minutes followed by one (1) hour in fresh air. This cycle can be
repeated four (4) times during a normal eight (8) hour work day.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - The legally enforceable

level as established by OSHA and is normally expressed in
parts per million (PPM). The PEL is defined as the
concentration that a worker may be exposed to for eight (8)
hours a day, five (5) days a week for 30 years with no ill
effects.
 TRACE CONCENTRATION UNITS

UNIT 1 PART PER MILLION

Length 1 Inch / 16 Miles

Time 1 Minute / 2 Years
Money 1 Cent / $10,000
Weight 1 Ounce / 31 Tons Potato Chips
Volume 1 Drop Vermouth / 80 “Fifths” Gin
Area 1 ft2 / 23 Acres
Action 1 Bogey / 3,500 Golf Tournaments
Quality 1 Bad Apple / 2,000 Barrels
 TOXICITY OF VARIOUS GASES
Common Name Chemical Vapor TLV LC
Formula Density
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1.52 5000 PPM 10%
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 2.21 2 PPM 0.01%
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S 1.189 10 PPM 600PPM
Methane CH4 0.55 9%
Hydrogen Cyanide HCN 0.94 10 PPM 300PPM
Carbon Monoxide CO 0.97 50 PPM 0.01%
 TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE

H2 S Per Cent 0 -2 0 - 15 15 - 30 3 0 Minutes 1 -4 4 -8 8 - 48

(PPM) Minutes Minutes Minutes to 1 Hour Hours Hours Hours
0 .0 0 5 ( 5 0 ppm ) Mild
0 .0 1 0 (1 0 0 ppm) Conjunc tivitis ;
Re s pira tory Tra c t
Irrita tion

0 .0 1 0 (1 0 0 ppm) Coughing; Dis turbe d Throa t S a liva tion & Increas ed Hemorrhage &
0 .0 1 5 (1 5 0 ppm) Irritation of Eye s ; Re s pira tion; Muc ous S ymptom s * Death *
Los s of S ens e of Pa in in Eye s ; Dis c ha rge ; S ha rp
S m ell S le e pine s s Pa in in Eye s ;
Coughing

0 .0 1 5 (1 5 0 ppm) Los s of S ens e of Throa t & Eye Throa t & Eye Diffic ult S e rious Irrita ting Hemorrhage &
0 .0 2 0 (2 0 0 ppm) S m ell Irrita tion Irrita tion Bre a thing; Blurre d Effects Death *
Vis ion;
Light & S hy

0 -0 2 5 (2 5 0 ppm) Irrita tion of Eyes ; Irritation of Eye s Pa inful S e c re tion Light & S hy; He m orrha ge &
0 .0 3 5 (3 5 0 ppm) Los s of S ens e of of Te a rs ; Na s a l Ca ta rrh; De a th
S m ell We a rine s s Pa in in Eye s ;
Diffic ult Bre a thing

0 -0 3 5 (3 5 0 ppm) Irritation of Eye s ; Diffic ult Inc rea s e d Irrita tion Dizzine s s Dea th *
Los s of S ens e of Re s pira tion of Eye s & Na s a l We a kne s s ;
S m ell Coughing; Tra c t; Dull Pa in Inc re a s e d
Irrita tion of Eye s He a d; We a rine s s ; Irrita tion;
Light & S hy De a th

0 .0 5 0 (5 0 0 ppm) Coughing Collaps e Res piratory S e rious Eye S e vere Pa in in

& Dis turbanc es ; Irrita tion; Eye s a nd He a d
Unc ons cious nes s Irritation of Eye s ; Pa lpita tion of Dizzine s s ;
Collaps e He a rt; Fe w Ca s e s Tre mbling of
of De a th* Extre mitie s ;
Gre a t We a kne s s
& De a th *

0 .0 6 0 (6 0 0 ppm) Collaps e * Collaps e *

0 .0 7 0 (7 0 0 ppm) Unc ons cious nes s Unc ons cious ne s s
0 .0 8 0 (8 0 0 ppm) Death * Death *
0 .1 0 0 (1 0 0 0 ppm )
1 .1 5 0 (1 5 0 0 ppm )

* Data s ecured from experiments of dogs w hich have s us ceptibility s imilar to men/w omen. * * PPM parts per million
 HAZARDS & CHARACTERISTICS
The principle hazard is death by inhalation. When the
amount of gas absorbed into the blood stream exceeds that
which is readily oxidized, systemic poisoning results, with a
general action on the nervous system. Labored respiration
occurs shortly and respiratory paralysis will follow
immediately at higher concentrations.

Death will occur from asphyxiation unless the exposed

person is immediately removed to fresh air and breathing
stimulated by rescue breathing. Other levels of exposure
may cause the following symptoms individually or in
combination: Headache…Dizziness…Excitement…
Nausea…Coughing…Drowsiness…Dryness and pain in
nose, throat and chest
Detection of H2S solely by smell is highly
dangerous as the sense of smell is quickly
paralyzed by the gas.

1. Extremely toxic, ranking second to Hydrogen Cyanide

(HCN) and five (5) to six (6) times more toxic than Carbon
Monoxide (CO)

2. Colorless gas in its pure state

3. Offensive odor, often described

as that of rotten eggs
4. Heavier than air - Vapor Density 1.189 (Air = 1.0) Vapors
may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and
flashback.
5. Forms an explosive mixture with air in concentrations
between 4.3% (LEL/LFL) and 46% (UEL/UFL) by volume
6. Auto-ignition temperature of 500o F; Cigarette burns at
1,400o F
7. Burns with a blue flame and produces Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2), which is less toxic than H2S, but highly irritating to
eyes and lungs and can cause serious injury. Chemical
pneumonia (pulmonary edema) can develop in only a few
hours.
8. Soluble in both water and liquid hydrocarbons. H2S
dissolves in water forming a weak hydrosulfurous acid.
9. Produces irritation to eyes,
throat, and respiratory system

10. Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average

(TLV/TWA - ACGIH) maximum of eight (8) hour exposure
without respiratory protection - 10 PPM
11. Permissible Exposure Limit / Time Weighted Average
(PEL/TWA - OSHA) maximum of eight (8) hour exposure
without respiratory protection - 20 PPM (Note: OSHA is
enforcing 10 PPM under the 5(a)1 General Duty Clause)
12. Short Term Exposure Level (STEL) - 15 PPM for 15
minutes; maximum four (4) times in an eight (8) hour day;
excursions at least one (1) hour apart
13. Heat generated by burning H2S: 680 BTU/ft3/hr
14. H2S attacks most metals, especially in the presence of
water, forming sulfides which are generally insoluble
precipitates. Acidizing, or lowering the pH of this liquid
below about 8.1 (7.0 is neutral), tends to permit the gas to
evolve from the liquid.
15. Corrosive to plastics, elastomers, animal tissues and
nerves.
16. Causes hydrogen embrittlement or sulfide stress
cracking (SSC) in the harder metals. Maximum hardness for
metals exposed to H2S in 21-22 Rockwell(C) or 235 Brinnell.
17. In certain applications, can form a pyrophorric substance
called Iron Sulfide, or Iron Sponge. This substance will
auto-ignite when exposed to air.
• Confined Space Entry
• Buddy System
• Lockout / Tagout
• Safe Work Permits (Hot Work, Barricading, etc.)
• Tank Gauging
• Emergency Standby & Rescue
•IDLH 300 PPM or 100 PPM ?
 OUTLINE FOR DEVELOPING A
CONTINGENCY PLAN

A contingency plan is a written document that shall provide an

organized plan of action for alerting and protecting the public
within an area of exposure following the accidental release of a
potentially hazardous volume of H2S. This document must be
site-specific for the location and shall be available to all
personnel responsible for the implementation of the plan,
regardless of their location assignment.

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF H2S AND SO2

This section should contain the physical and chemical
properties of these two gases.
3. EMERGENCY CALL LIST
This section of the plan contains all the
anticipated telephone numbers and other
means of communications needed to
activate and support the contingency
effort.

4. INVENTORY OF PUBLIC IN AREA OF EXPOSURE

This is a list with means of communicating or contacting
all of the public expected to be within the area of
exposure.
 5. MAP OR PLOT OF AREA OF EXPOSURE
This is a detailed map of the areas showing:
(a) Location of Operation or System
(b) Radii of Exposure (ROE); 500 PPM and 100 PPM
(c) Topography and Vegetation
(d) Access and Escape Routes
(e) Public in Exposure Area

6. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT LIST

In this section is a listing of the
equipment possessed by each company
and their personnel, and the location and
existence of auxiliary equipment.
7. DETAIL OF THE SYSTEM
In this section there should be a diagram of the system
including sufficient detail to support the emergency
effort.
8. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SYSTEM
This section should include a detailed description of all
emergency shut-downs, their locations and a means of
activation.
9. TRAINING SUMMARY
This section should indicate the degree to which the
operating personnel have been trained, an outline
of the training documentation, copies of training and drill
records.
10. PROGRAM FOR MAINTAINING THE CURRENT
APPLICABILITY OF THE PLAN
Includes the means and lines of responsibility for
maintenance of the plan in operating condition.
11. LEAK PREVENTION AND SURVEILANCE
Includes the procedure for testing emergency
equipment and other considerations such as corrosion
controls and periodic testing and inspections.
12. REMEDIAL ACTION
This section should address the following concerns:
(a) Alert and account for facility personnel
(b) Control present or potential discharge and
eliminate possible ignition sources
(c) Alert public and initiate evacuation operations as
needed
(d) Contact appropriate personnel
(e) Make recommendations to public officials
regarding blocking unauthorized access
(f) Make recommendations to public officials
regarding evacuating the public
(g) Notify as required, state and local regulatory
officials and the National Response Center
(h) Monitor ambient air to determine when it’s safe for
re-entry
 Nose
Lead Acetate Strips
Colormetric Tubes (Silica Gel)
Electronic Monitors - Fixed & Portable
Wet Chemistry - Tutweiler Method
Gas Chromatograph - GCMS
What You Don’t Know CAN Kill You !
ROUTES OF ENTRY AND TARGET ORGANS

INJECTION: > Bloodstream

INGESTION: > Stomach, Gastrointestinal
Tract, Bloodstream, Liver
ABSORPTION: > Bloodstream
INHALATION: > Respiratory System,
Bloodstream
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic and irritant gas whose major effects are
exerted on the nervous system, the eyes and the respiratory tract. Other
target organs/body structures affected include the brain and olfactory
nerves.
Olfactory Nerves: Loss of sense of smell occurs within 3-5 minutes at
100 ppm
Brain: Headaches, nausea, dizziness, confusion, brain damage
Eyes: Irritation, tearing, inflammation, conjunctivitis, temporary loss of
vision
Respiratory Tract: Throat irritation, coughing, olfactory fatigue, pulmonary
edema, respiratory arrest
Nervous System: H2S in the bloodstream reduces the oxygen-carrying
capability of the blood which depresses the nervous system. Immediate collapse
from nervous system paralysis and respiratory arrest is usually followed within
5-10 minutes by cardiac failure.
 ACUTE vs.CHRONIC EXPOSURES

Acute: (Short Term) Generally defined as exposure

to high concentration for short duration; less
than 24 hours
Chronic: (Long Term) Generally defined as exposure
to low concentration for duration longer than 3
months
Olfactory Paralysis Excitement
Eye Irritation Coughing
Headaches Sneezing
Nausea Respiratory Irritation
Diarrhea Pulmonary Edema
Dizziness Respiratory Arrest
Confusion Brain Damage
Staggering Gait Photophobia
Cardiac Arrest
Eye Irritation
Corneal Blistering, Pitting, Opacity
Headaches
Nausea
Irritation of Respiratory Tract
Pulmonary Edema
Anorexia
Sleep Disturbances
VARIABLES AFFECTING THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY
OF H2S EXPOSURE

PRIMARY VARIABLES
Exposure Concentration
Exposure Frequency
Duration of Exposure
Individual Variables: > Body Mass
> Overall Physical Condition
> Age
> Smoker/Nonsmoker
> Personal Biochemistry
 MEDICAL EVALUATIONS
Required to determine whether or not respiratory
protection can be utilized effectively
• Air Purifying Respirator (APR)
• Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Airline Respirator
Escape Pack
 ADVANTAGES OF SCBA’S

• Excellent Protection In Positive Pressure Mode

• Provides Good Mobility
• Easily Carried from Job-to-Job
 DISADVANTAGES OF
SCBA’S

• Limited Air Supply

• Weight of Air Supply
• No Back-Up Air Supply in the Event of Unit
Failure
 ADVANTAGES OF AIRLINE
RESPIRATORS

• Extended Working Time Due to Greater Air Supply

• Egress Bottle for Escape Purposes…Minimum 5
Minutes
• Work Unit is Light in Weight
• Ability to Adjust Air Pressure to Facepiece
DISADVANTAGES OF AIRLINE
RESPIRATORS
• Range of Mobility is Limited to Maximum 300 Feet
• Airline Hose Can Cause Tripping Hazard
• Maximum of 6 Workers on 1 Cascade System; More
Has Greater Potential to Over-breathe the
system
 ADVANTAGES OF ESCAPE-
ONLY UNITS

• Relatively Inexpensive
• Quick and Easy to Don
DISADVANTAGES OF ESCAPE-
ONLY UNITS
• Very Limited Supply of Air
• Air Supply Not Sufficient to Perform A Rescue Attempt
• Psychological Factors - “Plastic Bag Over Head”
• Air…Not Oxygen (19-23% O2)
• Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Requires
Grade D
• No Odor Permitted
• One 30-Minute Cylinder Contains 45 ft3
• At Maximum Work: 4.6 ft3 Minute
• “30-Minute Pack” Lasts Less Than 10 Minutes!!!
“How to Get Rid of Your Stuff…
Without Upsetting the Neighbors”
 OVERVIEW

Big Picture - We have the “stuff”..

Now how are we going to get rid of
it?
What We Will Learn
a) Nothing
b) Less than nothing
c) I’ll be sleeping and you’ll be learning
nothing
d) Horizontal and Vertical Transport, Wind
Conditions and Plume Behavior
“Our Stuff” or Effluent Must Be
Dispersed into the Atmosphere

Two Factors…
- Horizontal Transport
- Vertical Transport
 Horizontal Transport
• Depends on Wind Conditions
• Concentration of Contaminants
• Topography - affected by sea and
land breezes
Example - El Paso is a natural “pocket” surrounded by
hills and Houston an unnatural “pocket” surrounded by
spills
 Vertical Transport

Depends on the Rate of Change of the

Ambient Temperature with Altitude
- Isothermal - Temperature does not change with
elevation (Vertical Mixing)
- Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate - Decrease in Air
Temperature of 5.4o F / 1000 ft.
- Negative Lapse Rate - Increase in Air
Temperature with Altitude ( Vertical Mixing)
- Positive (Super Adiabatic) Lapse Rate - Decrease
in Air Temperature with Altitude ( Vertical Mixing)
 Inversions

• Radiation (at night) - Earth’s

surface cools faster than the air
• Subsidence - Occurs below 5,000
feet from cool air sinking in a high
pressure region
• Wind
• Topographic Condition and Vegetation
• Temperature of Gas vs Ambient Temperature
• Humidity - Moisture Content of Gas
• Gas Composition of Gas - Buoyancy of Gas
• Leak Mechanics & Escape Rate
• Plume Rise
 TOP TEN LIST OF HOW YOU CAN
TELL IF YOUR OSHA INSPECTION IS
GOING BAD...
No. 10 OSHA sets up temporary housing in
your parking lot
No. 9 The Compliance Officer mutters, “This
is unbelievable!” each time he enters a
different department
No. 8 OSHA calls in a professional film crew
to document conditions in the plant. A
reporter from 60 Minutes tags along.
No. 7 The Compliance Officer insists on wearing a
“moon suit” with a supplied-air respirator
and bullet-proof vest. Your employees work
in jeans, t-shirts and tennis shoes.
No. 6 The member of Congress you call for help
won’t return your phone calls but does return
your campaign contribution.
No. 5 The Compliance Officer begins the opening
conference with “You have the right to
remain silent...”.
No. 4 The Compliance Officer asks you a very
specific question about a report in your
files…but you haven’t yet turned over any
files.
No. 3 The Compliance Officer knows each of
your employees by their first name
No. 2 The Compliance Officer is a former
employee that you fired
No. 1 Undersecretary of Labor John Henshaw
conducts the closing conference!!!
How do you know what you’re supposed to be doing…and
how do you know when you’ve got it done?

1. Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) - 30CFR - Department

of the Interior and Minerals Management Service
(MMS). Primarily regulates offshore work
2. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) - Department of
the Interior and MMS; Controls some 30% of all lands
under lease
3. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
4. National Environmental Protection Act
5. Superfund Amendments Reauthorization
Act (SARA Title III)
6. National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES)
7. Comprehensive Environmental Recovery
Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA)
8. Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)
9. Clean Air Act
10. Federal Land Leasing Act
11. Endangered Species Act
12. American Petroleum Institute (API) RP-55 & RP-49
13. Texas Railroad Commission (RRC) State Rule 36
14. New Mexico Rule 118
15. Oklahoma Rule 3-203.2
16. Mississippi Rule 66
17. Wyoming Rules & Regulations for Oil & Gas Well
Drilling
18. Occupational Safety & Health Administration
(OSHA) - 29CFR - Department of Labor. Regulates
the workforce and not the public
1904.2 - Log and Summary of Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses
1910.20 - Employee Access to Medical Records
and Industrial Hygiene Records
1910.38 - Employee Emergency Plans and Fire
Prevention Plans
1910.119 - Process Safety Management of Highly
Hazardous Chemicals
1910.120 - Hazardous Waste Operations
Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)
1910.120(a) - HAZWOPER with Cheese
(10 cents extra)
1910.132 - Personal Protective
Equipment
1910.134 - Respiratory Protection
 1910.146 - Permit-Required Confined Spaces
1910.147 - Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout /
Tagout)
1910.252 - Welding, Cutting & Brazing
1910.1200 - Hazard Communication Standard
1910.1000 Table Z - Toxic & Hazardous Substances
19. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Z-390.1-1995 (R2000) Accepted Practices for
Hydrogen Sulfide Training
20. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI Z-490.1-2001 Criteria for Accepted Safety, Health, and
Environmental Training
• Establish Accepted Industry Practices for H2S
Training
• Establish Minimum Requirements for Site-Specific
H2S Training

• Enhance Employee Safety in H2S Environments

• Minimum Informational Content of the Course
• Recommended Exercises and Drills
• Refresher Training Requirements
• H2S Safety Instructor Qualifications
• Properties and Characteristics of H2S
• Sources of H2S and Areas of Potential
Exposure
• Typical Site-Specific Safe Work Practices
• Detection Methods for H2S
• Use and Care of Personal Protective Equipment
• Rescue Techniques and First Aid
• Recommends H2S Instructors Complete An
Appropriate H2S Instructor Development
Course
• Must Be Able To Demonstrate Proficiency In
Technical Aspects As Well As Training
Aspects
• Training Credentials Or Certification From
Recognized Or Accredited Training Authority
Constitutes Qualification
• Course Outline Must Conform to ANSI Z-390.1
• No Class May Be Abbreviated For Any Reason
• Instructors Must Conduct A Minimum of Two
Classes Per Year
• Recommends Attending Instructor Refresher Course
Every Three Years
• Must Demonstrate Performance-Based
Competency Through…
• Written Evaluation
• Verbal Evaluation or
• Practical Evaluation

• 3-Year Record Retention

• Annual Retraining Required
• First Aid & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Respiratory Protection Training & Questionnaire
• Pre-Placement Medical Evaluation
• SAR Quantitative Fit Testing
• Confined Space Entry Training
• Control of Hazardous Energy Training
• Process Safety Management (PSM) Training
• Other Related Safety Training Modules
TOXIC GASES FORMED
 The mind is a wonderful thing.
It starts working the minute you’re
born and never stops until you get
up to speak in public.

- Roscoe Drummond -
• Determine In Training Is Needed
• Identify Training Needs
• Identify Goals and Objectives
• Develop Learning Activities
• Conduct The Training
• Evaluate Program Effectiveness
• Improve The Program
• New Employee
• Transferred Employee
• From Another Facility, Area or Job
• Supervisors & Managers
• Newly Promoted
• With New Responsibilities
• Refresher or Update Training
• Know Your Audience
• Define Your Objectives
• Develop Program For Specific Audience
• Accomplish Your Objectives
• Conduct The Program Professionally
• Audit The Program Effectiveness
• Schedule Retraining
 Objectives Must…
• Be Clear
• Be Reasonably Accomplished
• Describe Your Goal
• Communicate What Is Expected of Attendees
• Address The “Why”
• Accomplish The Needs Of The Company And
The Individual
• Determine Knowledge Level
• Interview Students
• Evaluate Work Practices On The Job
• Determine Strong and Weak Areas
• Determine Trainee Capabilities
• Training Record Review
• Develop A Pretest
• What Is The Student Expected To Do As A Result
Of The Training?
• Course Evaluation At The Conclusion Of Each
Class
• Student Assessment of Instructor and Course
Content
• Assessment of Student Comprehension
• Supervisor Assessment of Knowledge
Transfer and Skills Integration On The Job
• Training Should Be Delivered In The Native Language
• Avoid Use of Colloquialisms Or Local Expressions
• Utilize Visually Oriented Training Materials
• Be Cognizant Of And Recognize The Need For Orally
Administered Tests
• Help Students Relax
• Help Students Get To Know One Another
• Get Students Involved Right Away
• Provide Important Information
• Give An Overview Of The Course
• Make The Participants Want To Learn
T - Teach In Their World
A - Actively Involve Participants
B - Be Prepared To Vary Your Instruction Methods
A - Ask Participants To Present
S - Show An Acronym
C - Create Physical Movement
O - Open Class For Discussion
• One in eight adults read no better than the fourth-grade
level. That number reflects 12.5% of the U.S.
population.
• One in five adults reads only at the fifth-grade level.
That’s 20% of the working population in the U.S.
You probably conduct all of your current safety training
at a minimum ninth- to twelfth-grade level. See
the problem??? Most newspapers are written at a
twelfth-grade reading level.
National Safety Council, Safety + Health, February 1997: “How Much Safety Training
Do Employees Understand?”; by Joseph R. Kelbus
“The longer I live, the more I realize the impact of attitude on
life. Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more
important than the past, than education, than money, than
circumstances, than failures, than successes, than what other
people think or say or do. It is more important than appearance,
giftedness or skill. It will make or break a company…a church…
a home. The remarkable thing is we have a choice every day
regarding the attitude we will embrace for that day. We cannot
change our past…we cannot change the fact that people will act
in a certain way. We cannot change the inevitable. The only
thing we can do is play on the one string that we have, and that is
our attitude…I am convinced that life is 10% what happens to me
and 90% how I react to it. And so it is with you…we are in
charge of our attitudes.”
- Charles Swindoll -