Everyday Applications of Newton's First Law

There are many applications of Newton's first law of motion. Consider some of your experiences in an automobile. Have you
ever observed the behavior of coffee in a coffee cup filled to the rim while starting a car from rest or while bringing a car to rest
from a state of motion? Coffee "keeps on doing what it is doing." When you accelerate a car from rest, the road provides an
unbalanced force on the spinning wheels to push the car forward; yet the coffee (that was at rest) wants to stay at rest. While the
car accelerates forward, the coffee remains in the same position; subsequently, the car accelerates out from under the coffee and
the coffee spills in your lap. On the other hand, when braking from a state of motion the coffee continues forward with the same
speed and in the same direction, ultimately hitting the windshield or the dash. Coffee in motion stays in motion.
Have you ever experienced inertia (resisting changes in your state of motion) in an automobile while it is braking to a stop? The
force of the road on the locked wheels provides the unbalanced force to change the car's state of motion, yet there is no
unbalanced force to change your own state of motion. Thus, you continue in motion, sliding along the seat in forward motion. A
person in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by the unbalanced force of a
seat belt. Yes! Seat belts are used to provide safety for passengers whose motion is governed by Newton's laws. The seat belt
provides the unbalanced force that brings you from a state of motion to a state of rest. Perhaps you could speculate what would
occur when no seat belt is used.
There are many more applications of Newton's first law of motion. Several applications are listed below. Perhaps you could
think about the law of inertia and provide explanations for each application.
• Blood rushes from your head to your feet while quickly stopping when riding on a descending elevator.
• The head of a hammer can be tightened onto the wooden handle by banging the bottom of the handle against a hard surface.
• A brick is painlessly broken over the hand of a physics teacher by slamming it with a hammer. (CAUTION: do not attempt this at
home!)
• To dislodge ketchup from the bottom of a ketchup bottle, it is often turned upside down and thrusted downward at high
speeds and then abruptly halted.
• Headrests are placed in cars to prevent whiplash injuries during rear-end collisions.
• While riding a skateboard (or wagon or bicycle), you fly forward off the board when hitting a curb or rock or other object that
abruptly halts the motion of the skateboard.
1. The text above tells us about …
A. Newton’s first law theory
B. Newton’s first law origin
C. Newton’s first law implementation
D. Newton’s first law experience
E. Newton’s first law meaning
2. Which of following is true about Newton's first law?
A. Newton’s first law lays in daily activity.
B. The Newton’s first law relates to a movement.
C. We can find Newton’s first law application in our car.
D. Newton’s first law governs seat belts’ motion
E. All answers are right
3. One of the applications of Newton's first law in our daily life is ….
A. Tiredness when we just finish running.
B. The use off ketchup in a bottle.
C. The use of seatbelt while driving.
D. TV’s frequency.
E. Blood pressure when we take a rest.
4. What would happen if we put a cup of coffee in car’s dashboard in
rest condition?
A. The coffee would keep in its condition
B. The coffee would spill out
C. The coffee would spin slowly
D. The dashboard would get a vibration.
E. The dashboard would in the same position.
 The hardest language
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take
into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the
question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example,
because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language.
The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people
answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and
the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already
use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman
alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the
language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because
they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day
life.
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will
probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35
cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc.). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest
language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most
difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for
British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though
native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely
different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it
is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
5. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. Japanese is the hardest language for British diplomats and other
embassy staff.
B. Learning second language will be faster when we need it to use
professionally.
C. There is no language which is easy to learn well.
D. A native speaker of Spanish will find Portuguese much easier than
Chinese.
E. The differences of first and second language.
6. What makes second language easy to learn?
A. Practice well in writing and speaking
B. The writing system and the pronunciation
C. The same environment
D. The cultures and characters similarity
E. The mother tongue differences
7. Which of following is not true about the text?
A. Chinese is harder than Spanish and Japanese.
B. it is impossible to say that the most difficult language is only one
language.
C. Learning Chinese characters for Japanese is less difficult.
D. learning the Chinese writing system and the pronunciation are the
most difficult to learn for British learners.
E. Writing system similarity will make language easier to learn.
8. From the text above, it can be concluded that the hardest language
is …
A. Only relevant when learning the pronunciation.
B. Depending to the differences of the first and second language.
C. As easy as the first language
D. Easy to learn well by writing and speaking
E. Only one language