NAME:-SHOAIB SAIFI

SUBJECT:-BMMC (BUILDING
MATERIAL AND METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTION)
TOPIC:-BRICKS
BATCH:-ID 1ST YEAR 2019
NO CONSTRUCTION IS POSSIBLE WITHOUT BRICK.SINCE MANY
CENTURIES BRICKS HAVE PROVIDED THE BASIC MATERIAL
FOR CONSTRUCTION.THEY ARE UTILISED IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION AS WELL AS IN ARCHITECHTURAL POINT OF
VIEW.BRICKS ARE OBTAINED BY HOMOGENEOUS MIXING OF
SUITABLY PROPORTIONED EARTH WITH SILICA AND ALUMINA IN
IT WHICH IS TRANSFERRED
TO TIMBER OR STEEL MOULDS.BRICKS ARE AN EFFECTIVE
MEANS OF UTILIZING WASTES GENERATED BY STONE
CRUSHERS,QUARRYING AND STONE PROCESSING UNITS.BRICKS
ARE RECTANGULAR IN SHAPE HAVING FROG
IN ITS CENTRE FROM ONE SIDE. THE BRICK HAS LENGTH TWICE
THE WIDTH.
 BRICKS ARE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF
THEIR PERFORMANCE CRITERIA.THE PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA INCLUDES STRENGTH, DURABILITY,
ASTHETIC REQUIREMENT, SELECTION OF THE PROPER
SPECIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION WITHIN THAT
SPECIFICATION, ALONG WITH PROPER DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION SHOULD RESULT IN EXPECTED
PERFORMANCE BRICKS ARE LIGHT IN WEIGHT, CHEAP,
EASY TO HANDLE AND EASILY AVAILABLE.
MODERN SIZE OF
BRICK

TYPE OF GRA PROPERTIES USES
BRICKS DE
1ST CLASS A WELL FACE-
BRICK. BURNT,SOUND,SHARP WORKED
EDGES,PROER SHAPE STRUCTURE.
AND SIZE.
2ND CLASS B IRREGULAR IN SHAPE ORDINARY
BRICK. AND SIZE,BLUNT STRUCTURES,
EDGES. BRICK- WORK,
UNDER PLASTERS.
3RD CLASS C UNDER BURNT UNIMPORTANT AND
BRICK. BRICKS,SOFT AND TEMPORARY
LIGHT IN COLOUR. STRUCTURES,AT
HEAVY RAINFALL
PLACES.
4TH CLASS D DEFORMED SHAPE AGGREGRATES FOR
BRICK. AND SIZE,OVER CONCRETE IN
(ZHAMA BURNT. FOUNDATION,FLO
BRICK) ORS, ROADS, ETC.
VARIOUS TYPES OF BRICKS ARE MANUFACTURED AND
USED FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPECIAL
WORKS.THESE TYPES OF BRICKS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS
SPECIAL BRICKS.FOLLOWING CHARTS CAN EXPLAIN
THIS INFORMATICALLY:-
NAMES OF SPECIAL SPECIAL USES. COST IN
SPECIAL TYPES PROPERTIES. MARKET. (AS
OF BRICKS. PER 1000
BRICKS.)
1. ACID CHEMICALL CHEMICAL
RESISTAN Y PLANT,
T BRICKS. RESISTANT. CHEMISTRY
LABS,ETC.
2. MORE VITRIFIED PAVING PURPOSES.
ENGINE THAN COMMON
ERING CLAY BUILDING
BRICKS. BRICKS,LESS
POROUS,VERY
HARD.

3. SILICA BRICKS. BEARS CONSTRUCTIO

TEMPERATURE N OF
UPTO 2000 CHIMNEYS.
DEGREE CELSIUS.

4. WITHSTAND CONSTRUCTION
REFRACTOR TEMPERATURE OF REFRACTORY
Y BRICKS. UPTO 1700 FURNANCE,
DEGREE CELSIUS. REVERBERATORY
BRICKS HEARTHS.
NAMES OF SPECIAL SPECIAL USES. COST IN MARKET.
SPECIAL TYPES PROPERTIES. (AS PER 1000
OF BRICKS. BRICKS.)
5. SAND-LIME STRONG,HARD, ORNAMENTAL
BRICKS. UNIFORM IN WORKS.
COLOUR,SHARP
EDGES.
6. BLUE BRICKS. CAN BE FIRED AT HEAVY
1250 DEGREE ENGINEERING
CELSIUS. CONSTRUCTIONA
L WORKS LIKE
BRIDGES,ETC.
7. COLOURED AVAILABLE IN DECORATION,
BRICKS. VARIOUS INTERIOR/
COLOURS. EXTERIOR
WORKS.
8. PERFORATED HAS CONSTRUCTION
BRICKS. CYLINDRICAL OF PANELS FOR
HOLES,LIGHT LIGHT WEIGHT
WEIGHTED. STRUCTURES AND
MULTI-STORED
FRAMED
STRUCTURE.
NAMES OF SPECIAL SPECIAL USES. COST IN MARKET.
SPECIAL TYPES OF PROPERTIES. (AS PER 1000
BRICKS. BRICKS.)
9. FIRE BRICKS. RESISTS HIGH CONSTRUCTION OF
TEMPERATURE. HEARTH,
FURNANCES AND
CHIMNEY.
10. HOLLOW LIGHT IN WEIGHT, BRICK 3000₹
BRICKS. DAMP,REDUCES PARTIONING/
(CAVITY/CELLULA TRANSFER OF HEAT. PARTITION WALLS.
R BRICKS.)

11. FLY-ASH BRICKS. HARD, HIGH CONSTRUCTION OF 4200₹

STRENGTH. BUILDINGS/HOUSE
S, OFFICES,ETC.
NAME OF PROPORTION. FUNCTION.
CONSTITUENT
.
1. ALUMINA 20% - 30% ABSORBS WATER AND GIVES
PLASTICITY TO BRICKS.
2. SILICA. 50% - 60% PREVENTS CRACKS,
SHRINKAGE AND WRAPING
OF RAW BRICKS.
3. LIME. 1%- 5% ACTS AS FLUX.
4. MAGNESIA. 1%- 5% DECREASES SHRINKAGE
DURING BURNING, ACTSAS
FLUX.
5. IRON OXIDE 5% - 6% GIVES COLOUR TO THE
BRICKS, BINDS THE
PARTICLES OF BRICKS
TOGETHER AND ALSO ACTS
AS FLUX
NAME OF SPECIAL PROPORTION. FUNCTION.
SPECIAL CONSTITUENT
BRICK. .
1. SILICA SILICA 95% - 97% BEARS
BRICKS. TEMPERATU RE.

2. BLUE IRON OXIDE 7% - 10% COLOUR

BRICKS. AGENT.
3. FLY FLYASH 80% STRENGTH,
ASH COLOUR.
BRICKS. SAND 13% GIVES
STRENGTH,
HARDNESS.
LIME 7% ACTS AS A
BINDING
MATERIAL.
 BRICKS CAN ALSO CONTAIN SOME
HARMFUL CONSTITUENTS WHICH AFFECT THE
QUALITY OF BRICKS AND CAN ALSO MAKE THEM
USELESS, HERE ARE THE NAMES OF SOME OF THE:-
• KANKAR/LIMESTONE
• ALKALIES.
• IRON PYRITES.
• PEBBLES OF STONE AND GRAVEL.
• ORGANIC MATTER OR VEGETATION
 HARDNESS:- A SCRATCH IS MADE ON A BRICK BY
FINGER NAIL.IF NO IMPRESSION IS LEFT ON SURFACE
OF BRICK THEN,THE BRICK IS CONSIDERED TO BE
HARD.
 CRUSHING STRENGTH:-ITIS DETERMINED BY
COMPRESSION MINIMUM CRUSHING STRENGTH
OF A BRICK IS 3.5N/mmsq
 WATER ABSORPTION TEST:- LET,THE WEIGHT OF
BRICK BE W GRAMS.WHEN IT IS SOAKED IN WATER
FOR 24 HOURS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND THEN IT
IS WEIGHTED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE WHICH WILL
BE W1.
% OF WATERABSORPTION=W1-W x100.
W
 EFFLORESCENCE TEST:- SOLUBLE SALTS WHICH
ARE PRESENT IN WATER CAUSES EFFLORESCENCE
ON SURFACE OF BRICK.WHEN THE BRICK IS DIPPED
IN WATER FOR 24HOURS AFTER WHICH IT IS
ALLOWED TO DRY IN SHADE GIVES WHITE OR GREY
DEPOSITS ON ENTIRE SURFACE.
 STRUCTURE:-AFTERBREAKING A BRICK,IT’S
INNERSTRUCTURE OBSERVEDSHOULD BE
COMPACT,HOMOGENEOUS AND FREE FROM
HOLES,DUST,ETC.
 IMPACT TEST:- BRICK IS ALLOWED TO DROP ON
FLAT HARD SURFACE FROM HEIGHT OF 1METER i.e.
3.28 FEET AND IT SHOULD NOT BREAK INTO PIECES.
COMPARISON CLAY BRICKS. FLY - ASH BRICKS.
ACCORDING TO
FOLL PROPERTIES.
1. SIZE. 19X9X9CM. 9X4X3CM.
2. SURFACE. UNEVEN DUE TO EVEN AND
HAND MOULDS AND UNIFORM,SMOOT
NOT UNIFORM,ROUGH H
SURFACE/FINISH. SURFACE/FINISH.
3. COLOUR. COPOROUS RED OR CEMENT LIKE
AS PER THE COLOUR COLOUR.
OF SOIL. (GREYISH).
4. COMPRESSIVE 35 N/MM Sq. 100 N/MM Sq.
STRENGTH.
5. NO DIMENSIONAL DIMENSIONALL
DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY. Y ACCURATE.
ACCURACY.
6. BONDING. LIGHTLY BONDED. DENSE COMPOSITION.
7. WATER 20 – 25% 6 – 12%
ABSORPTION.
COMPARISON CLAY BRICKS. FLY – ASH BRICKS.
ACCORDING TO
FOLL
PROPERTIES.
8. POROUSITY. MORE POROUS. LESS POROUS.
9. SOAKING IN SOAKING IN ONLY
WATER. WATER IS SPRINKLING OF
REQUIRED. WATER IS
ENOUGH.
10. PLASTERING. PLASTERING IS NO PLASTERING
REQUIRED. IS REQUIRED.
11. WEIGHT. HEAVY. LIGHT WEIGHTED.
12. MORTAR MORE MORTAR IS LESS MORTAR IS
REQUIRED. REQUIRED. REQUIRED.
13. SHAPED BY. HAND MADE , MACHINES.
MOULDS.
14. BURNING KILNS , VITT OVENS.
BHATTI.
COMPARISON CLAY BRICKS. FLY – ASH BRICKS.
ACCORDING TO
FOLL PROPERTIES.

15. AVAILABILITY MAINLY IN RURAL MAINLY IN

AREAS. URBAN AREAS.

16. VITRIFICATION. LESS VITRIFIED. MORE VITRIFIED.

17. EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE. CHEAP.

CHEAP.

18. COST. 4000 – 5000₹ 4200₹

19. COST OF INCREASES COST DECREASES COST

CONSTRUCTION. OF COSTRUCTION. OF CONSTRUCTION.
 FLY – ASH BRICK HAS UNIFORM SHAPE AND SIZE WITH
SMOOTH FINISH AND DIMENSIONAL STABILITY. IT IS GREYISH IN
COLOUR AND DOESN’T REQUIRE SOAKING IN WATER BUT JUST IN
SPRINKLING IS ENOUGH.IT ALSO REQUIRES LESS MORTAR
DURING CONSTRUCTION AND IS CHEAP IN COST.IT HAS HIGH
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, DENSELY COMPOSED,LESS
POROUS,ABSORBS LESS AMOUNT OFWATER.IT IS LIGHT WEIGHTED
AND REDUCES THE COST OF CONSTRUCTION.,FLY – ASH BRICK IS
MORE DURABLEAND THE COMPARISON IMPLIES THAT FLY – ASH
BRICK SHOULD BE WIDELY USED IN CONSTRUCTION.