REGENERATIVE BRAKING

SYSTEM

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: SUBMITTED BY:

Prof. SASMITA NAYAK AMIYA KUMAR RANA-1401106346
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL PRATEEK GOUTAM-1401106396
ENGINEERING PRISCILLA MOHANTY-1401106399
CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Conventional Braking System
• P r i n c ip le O f R e g e n e r a ti v e B r a k in g
• Kinetic energy Recovery System
• Components
• Flywheel and Discharge Of K.E.R.S
• Cost Analysis
• Calculations
• Merits and Demerits
• Conclusion
• Reference
 WHAT ARE BRAKES?
 A brake is a device that decelerates a moving
object / prevents an object from
accelerating.
 Brakes use friction to convert kinetic energy
into heat
 Guiding principle- kinetic energy increases
quadratic ally with velocity
-K = mv2 / 2
 When the brake is pushed the caliper
containing piston pushes the pad towards
the brake disc which slows the wheel down.
CONVENTIONAL BRAKING SYSTEM
 Conventional braking
system uses friction to
counteract to the forward
momentum of the wheels.

 As the brake pads rub

against the wheels,
excessive heat energy is
created.

 This heat energy

dissipates into the air,
wasting up to 30% of the
car's generated power
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING

 Regenerative braking technology funnels the energy created by the braking process
back into the system in the form of charging the battery for further use
 In a regenerative braking system the energy normally lost in the braking process is
transferred to the generator from the rotating axle and then transferred to the battery,
thus saving energy.
HOW DOES IT WORK

The system that drives the vehicle does the majority of the
braking.
When the driver steps on the brake pedal of an electric
or hybrid vehicle, it puts the vehicle's electric motor into
reverse mode, causing it to run backwards.
While running backwards, the motor also acts as an
electric generator, producing electricity that's then fed into
the vehicle's batteries.
KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM

 The device recovers the

kinetic energy that is
present in the waste heat
created by the car’s braking
process.
 The concept of
transferring the vehicle’s
kinetic energy using
Flywheel energy storage
was postulated by physicist
Richard Feynman in the
1950s
BASIC ELEMENTS OF OUR PROJECT
• AC MOTOR
• WHEELS
• FLYWHEEL
• HAND-LEVER
• DYNAMO
• LED
• CUT-OFF SWITCH
 When the hand lever is pushed against the rotating wheels, most of the
kinetic energy is still converted into heat energy but a portion is treated
differently and is stored up in the flywheel.

 This stored energy is utilized for running the dynamo, thus

converting kinetic energy into electrical energy.

 The mechanical KERS system utilises flywheel technology to recover and

store a moving vehicle’s kinetic energy which is otherwise wasted when
the vehicle is decelerated.
AC AC WHEELS BRAKES
CURRENT MOTOR

LED DYNAMO
LIGHTS
 DISCHARGE MODE OF K.E.R.S
 During this stage when the driver pushes the boost button the
flywheel acts as a propulsion motor and discharges the energy to the
wheels

 The Flywheel rotor is decelerated during boost discharge mode and

the energy is converted back.

 Flywheel acts as a generator and sending energy back to electric

motor, which works as propulsion motor.
CIRCUIT DIG. OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING
SYSTEM IN HYBRID CAR
COST ANALYSIS:
components Quantity Specification/
price
MOTOR 1 220v, 130 watt, 2800
rpm
Rs 1950/-
DYNAMO 1 0.2amp,70V,
Rs 2500/-
FLYWHEEL 1 Rs 600/-

WHEELS 2 Rs 50/-

SHAFT 1 Mild steel, 15mm

CALCULATIONS
Electrical Input to Motor:

According to specification
Power-120W,
Time for applying brake-5 Sec
Work In put- Power*Time
=120W*5 Sec
=600Joule

Maximum Kinetic Energy Stored In

Flywheel:

K.E-0.5*I*ω2
I-Moment of inertia of Flywheel
= 0.5*Mass*Radius2
given mass = 300gm=0.3kg
Radius=175mm=0.175m
I=0.5*0.3*0.1752
=4.59*10-3Kg-m2
ω=2*π*N (N=Revolution per Minute)
=2*π*3000
=18849 Rad⁄sec
K.E-0.5*I*ω2
=0.5*4.59*10^(-3) *18849
=453.35 Joule
Frictional Force generated Due to Contact Between Small
Wheel And Dynamo:
Friction Force=Co-Efficient Of Friction*normal reaction
=0.14*Mass*Gravity
=0.14*100*10-3 *9.81
=8.31 Joule
Energy Available To Dynamo:

Energy available=Max K.E Stored In Flywheel-Frictional Force

= 453.35 J-8.31 J
=445.04 J
Electrical Energy generated In Dynamo:

E=Volt*I*Time
Given
v=O/P Voltage=70V
I=Output Current=0.7 Amp
t=Time for Braking

E=70*0.5*5 Joule
=175 Joule
Efficiency Of Dynamo:

=Electrical Energy Generated/Energy Available For Dynamo

=175/445.04
=0.393=39.30%
CARS WITH REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

• Toyota pirus
• Honda Insight
• Tesla roadster
• Ford Escape hybrid Toyota pirus

Tesla roadster
BENEFITS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING

Reduction of pollution
Increase in engine life
Breaking is not total loss
We a r Reduction
BRAKING IS NOT TOTAL LOSS

Conventional brakes apply friction to convert a vehicle’s kinetic energy

into heat. In energy terms, therefore, braking is a total loss: once heat is
generated, it is very difficult to reuse. The regenerative braking system,
however, slows a vehicle down in a different way.

Wear Reduction

An electric drive train also allows for regenerative breaking which

increases Efficiency and reduces wear on the vehicle brakes.
LIMITATIONS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING
SYSTEM

 The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds, therefore the
friction brake is still required in order to bring the vehicle to a complete
halt.
 The friction brake is a necessary back-up in the event of failure of the
regenerative brake.
 Most road vehicles with regenerative braking only have power on some
wheels (as in a 2WD car) and regenerative braking power only applies to
such wheels, so in order to provide controlled braking under difficult
conditions (such as in wet roads) friction based braking is necessary on the
other wheels
CONCLUSION
The energy efficiency of a conventional brake is only
about 20 percent, with the remaining 80 percent of its
energy being converted to heat through friction. The
miraculous thing about regenerative braking is that it
may be able to capture as much as half of that wasted
energy and put it back to work.
This reduces fuel consumption by 10 to 25 percent.
Hence regenerative braking plays an important role in
fuel consumption and also in the field of speed
REFERENCES:
[1] Cibulka, J. Kinetic energy recovery system by means of flywheel energy
storage Advanced engineering 3(2009)1, ISSN 1846-5900
[2] How stuffswork.com
[3] Hewko L. O; “Automotive traction drive CVTs – An overview”; SAE
paper 861355;
[4]Wikepidia.org
Thank you!