Learning

Any relatively permanent change in

behavior that occurs as a result of
experience.
Types of Learning

Classical Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which an individual
responds to some stimulus that would not
ordinarily produce such a response.
Types of Learning

Operant Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary
behavior leads to a reward or prevents a
punishment.
Types of Learning

Social-Learning Theory
People can learn through observation and direct
experience.
 Knowledge

Knowledge refers to what individuals or

teams know or know how to do something.
Types of Knowledge

 Explicit knowledge
∆ Formalized, Codified, Communicated

□ Tacit Knowledge
∆ Personal knowledge
 Need Assessment

It refers to the process used to

determine whether training is
necessary.

Types of Need Assessment

∆ Organization Analysis
∆ person Analysis
∆ Task Analysis
Why Needs Assessment is
necessary?
 Training may be incorrectly used
 Training programs may have wrong content,
objective, method
 Lack of Basic skills.
 Training will not deliver the expected
learning, behavior change or financial result
that the company result.
 Money spent is unnecessary.
Training Administration

 Communicating courses and programs to

employees.
 Enrolling employees in courses and
programs.
 Preparing materials that will be used.
 Arranging training room.
 Testing equipment that will be used.
 Having back up.
Evaluation of training
 Post-training performance method
Employees’ on-the-job performance is
assessed after training.

Pre-post-training performance method

Employee’s job performance is assessed both
before and after training, to determine whether
a change has taken place.
Cross Cultural Training

 Language
 Economy, Culture, Politics
 Religion
 Climate
Training issues resulting from
the external environment
 Failing to provide training

 Incurring Employee injury during training

 Incurring Breach of Defamation

Structure in Five

 Operating Core
 Strategic Apex
 Middle Line
 Techno structure
 Support Staff