KUTU DAN PINJAL

Drh. Nurina Titisari M.Sc.

2015
TAXONOMY
• Animalia
Kingdom

• Arthropoda
Phylum

• Insekta
Class

• Phthiraptera (Kutu)
Order • Siphonaptera (Pinjal)
Ordo : Phthiraptera

KUTU (LICE)
 LICE
 Spend their entire lives on the host
 Usually are unable to survive for more than 1 to 2 days off
their host
 Highly host specific and tend to remain with a single host
animal throughout their lives
 Many species even preferring spesific anatomical areas
 Only leave their host to transfer to a new one
 Feed on epidermal tissue, debris, parts of feathers,
sebaceous secretions and blood
 Morfologi
 Small insect 0,5-8 mm tdk bersayap
 Pipih dorsoventral
 Antena pendek (3-4 segmen)
 3 pasang kaki
 Tidak ada mata kecuali Pediculus dan Phtirus
 Abdomen  paratergal plate (penebalan chitin)
 Metamorfosis sederhana
Siklus hidup (4-6 minggu)
 Telur >>nymph (1-3 minggu)>>moulting 3-5
stage>>dewasa

Pathology
 Heavy louse infestation= pediculosis
 Vektor human diseases : typhus, louse-borne relapsing fever
 Vektor animal diseases : pox virus, rickettsial anaplasmosis
 Lethargy, loss weight, reduced egg production,
 Scratching and skin damage, Severe iritation, Restlessness,
 Perbedaan sub ordo kutu
Sub Anoplura Mallopha Rynchopthi
Ordo ga rina

Mulut : Sucking/men Bitting/ Peralihan

ghisap menggigit penggigit dan
penghisap

Host : Terutama Terutama Gajah

mamalia bangsa
burung

Sex : Jantan Betina Sulit Dapat

mudah dibedakan dibedakan
dibedakan
 MALLOPHAGA
 Biting lice  penggigit
 Mesothorax & metathorax fusi
 Tarsus terdapat 2 kait pada spesies yg
menyerang burung
 Tarsus dgn 1 kait pada yg menyerang
mamalia
 Superfamili : Ischnocera dan Amblycera
 Sub Ordo : Mallophaga (biting lice)
Super Famili : Ischnocera
Antena filiformis terdiri dari 3-5
segmen
Tidak didapatkan palpus maksilaris
Segmen abdomen ke 1 dan ke 2
mengadakan fusi, juga segmen ke 9
dan ke 10
Contoh :
Unggas (Lipeurus caponis,
Goniocotes, Chelopistes, Columbicula
columbae, Anaticola)
Mamalia (Damalinia bovis, Bovicola,
Trichodectes canis, Felicola
subrostratus)
Super famili : Amblycera
Antena kecil, tersembunyi dan sukar
didapat
Terdapat papus maksilaris
Dari 11 segmen abdomen, hanya 9
segmen yang tampak
Contoh :
Unggas : Menopon gallinae,
Menacanthus stramineus, Trinoton
Mamalia : Gyropus, Trimenopon,
Gliricola, Heterodoxus
 Super Famili : Amblycera
 Famili Menoponidae
 Menacanthus stramineus
 Menopon gallinae
 Famili Boopidae
 Heterodoxus spiniger
 Heterodoxus longitorsus
 Famili Gyropidae
 Gyropus
 Gliricola
 Famili Menoponidae
Menacanthus stramineus
 Chicken body louse/ yellow body
louse
 Large 3,5 mm
 Head almost triangular
 Palps and antennae are distinct
 Flat abdomen with broadly rounded
posteriorly with 2 rows of setae on
each abdominal segment
 Patologi : most common and
destructive louse on poultry
 Host : chicken, turkey, gunea fowl,
pea fowl, pheasant and quail
Menopon gallinae
 Shaft louse
 Small 2 mm
 Small paps and pair 4 segmen
antennae
 Abdomen tapered posteriorly in
female and rounded in male and
has small to medium length
setae on dorsal surface
 Patology : rest on body feather,
rarely severe pathogen
 Host : turkey, duck, chicken
 Famili Boopidae
 Heterodoxus spinigera
 Host : canidae
 Length 5 mm
 Dense covering thick, medium, long
setae
 Tarsi end in two claws
 Patology : pruritus, dermatitis
 Famili Gyropidae
 Gyropus ovalis = widespreas on body
fur
 Giricola parcelli = arround back of the
head and throat
 Tarsi mid and hind legs have either one
or no claws
 Patology : common on guinea pig, eat
debris and sebaceous secreation, causing
irritation, pruritus, harsh coat and
alopecia
 Super Famili : Ischnocera
 Famili : Philopteridae
 Cuclogaster
 Lipeurus
 Goniodes
 Goniocotes
 Famili : Trichodectidae
 Bovicola/Damalinia
 Felicola
 Trichodectes
 Famili : Philopteridae
Cuclotogaster heterogaphus
 Chicken head louse
 Rounded body with Large, slender head
 3 long bristles from each side of dorsal
surface of the head
 5 segmented antennae are fully exposed
 Each leg has 2 tarsal claws
 Abdomen is barrel-shaped in female and
more elongated in male
 Each segmen bears a row of dorsal hair
 Patology :infestasi young bird may
pathogenic and fatal, bird become weak
and dropy and may die
Lipeurus caponis
 Wing louse
 Elongated and narrow species
 Head long and rounded at the front
 5 segmented antennae are fully
exposed
 Legs narrow and each leg has 2 tarsal
claws
 Few dorsal hair on abdomen
 Patology : common on chicken and
other fowl , occurs on the underside
of wing and tail, causing restlessness,
irritation,
Columbicola
columbae
 Goniocotes dissimilis
 Large lice
 Brown colour
 Broad head
 2 large bristles on dorsal
surface
 5 segment antennae and fully
exposed
 Each leg has 2 tarsal claws
 Occur small number
 Famili : Trichodectidae
Bovicola/Damalinia ovis Felicola subrostata
 Small  Beige or yellow colour
 Large broad head with transverse brown
 Rounded with 3 segmented band
antennae  Head triangular and
 Red colour, reddish-brown body, pointed anterior
dark transverse band on abdomen  Antennae have 3 segmen
 Leg are slender and fully exposed
 Tarsi carry a single claw  Legs small and slender
 B.ovis = sheep , B. bovis = cattle
and end in single claws
 Trichodectes canis
 Small yellow louse
 1-2 mm
 Head broader than long
 Antennae 3 segmen, short and
exposed
 Legs are stout and their tarsi bear
single claws
 Patologi : harmful ektoparasit of dog,
commonly found on head, neck, tail,
feed on tissue debris,
Trichodectes canis
ANOPLURA
 Sucking lice >> penghisap darah
 Sub Ordo Anoplura (Sucking lice)
Famili : Famili : Famili :
Pediculidae Haematopi Linognathid
nidae ae
Mata ada Tidak ada Tidak ada
Paratergal ada ada Tidak ada
plate
Contoh Pedinculus Haematopinus Linognatus
humanus eurysternus, ovilus, vituli,
Phtirus pubis suis, asini africanus
 Famili Pediculidae
pembeda Pediculus Phtirus pubis
humanus
Bentuk Tubuh langsing Tubuh relatif besar
Pasangan Ketiga kaki sama Pasangan kaki 1
kaki panjang & sama besar sangat kecil, ke- 2
dan 3 lebih besar
dan kait tajam
Thorax Lebih sempit Sangat lebar
daripada abdomen
Pediculus humanus Phtirus pubis
 Famili Haematopinidae
 Tdk ada mata
 Penonjolan khas di belakang
antena
 Thorax lebih luas dri kepala
 Paratergal plate ada
 Kuku hanya pada 1 pasang kaki
pertama
 Spesies : Haematopinus asini
(kuda), Haematopinus suis (babi),
Haematopinus eurysternus (sapi)
 Famili Linognathidae
 Tdk ada mata
 Kuku pada 1 pasang kaki
pertama
 Tdk ada paratergal plate
 Spesies : Linognatus ovilus
(domba), Linognatus vituli (sapi),
Linognatus stenopsis (kambing)
 Sub ordo : Rhyncopthirina
 Kepala memanjang ke depan membentuk rostrum
 Ujung rostrum  proboscis
 Dianggap sebagai peralihan antara Anoplura dan
Mallophaga
 Famili : Haematomyzidae
 Genus : Haematomyzuz
 Spesies : H. elephantis (gajah)
H. hopkinsi (babi)
Ordo : Siphonaptera

PINJAL (FLEA)
 Morfologi
 Blood feeding insects
 95% ektoparasit mamals, sisanya ektoparasit burunng
 Tdk bersayap
 Pipih laterolateral
 Kaki sangat kuat  utk melompat
 Abdomen 10 segmen, pada segmen ke-9  dorsal plate dg
rambut sensoris (sinsilium/pydigium)
 flea jantan  aedeagus (penis jantan)
 Flea betina  spermateca
 Memiliki genal comb dan pronotal comb (Ctenocephalides)
 Siklus hidup :
Telur (pada debu/tmpt kotor)  larva
(2-16 hari setelah telur diletakkan) 
pupa  dewasa
*Pinjal dpt hidup pada bermacam inang
*larva memiliki mulut tipe pengunyah
dan makan darah kering/bahan
organik lain
 Patology : flea bite allergic dermatitis,
inflamasi, pruritus, anemia, intermediate
host diphylidium caninum, vektor
penyakit viral dan bakteri seperti plague
dan tularaemia
Alat kelamin flea
Aedeagus spermateca
 Ordo Siphonaptera
Famili : Famili : Pulicidae Famili :
Ceratophyllidae Leptopsyllidae

Pada rodensia Pada manusia, hewan Pada rodensia

piara dan unggas
Ceratophyllus fasciatus Pulex irritans (manusia) Leptopsylla segnis
(tikus) Xenopsylla cheopis (rodensia)
C. Gallinae (ayam) (tikus)
Ctenocephalides felis
(kucing)
C. Canis (anjing)
Spilopsyllus cuniculi
(kelinci)
 Perbedaan pinjal
P. irritansX. cheopis C. canis C. felis
Host Manusia Tikus, Anjing Kucing
manusia
Comb Tidak ada Tidak ada Ada, duri Ada, duri
pada genal pada genal
comb comb sama
pertama dan panjang
pendek
Kepala Lebih Lebih Lebih Lebih
membulat panjang membulat panjang
Bulu dekat Bawah mata Depan agak Depan Depan
mata ke bawah
Pulex irritans
Xenopsylla cheopis
Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis
SELAMAT BELAJAR