HUMANITIES 1

Introduction to the Arts

GROUP 1
AREAS OF THE ARTS
VISUAL ARTS
LITERATURE
DRAMA AND THEATER
MUSIC
DANCE
VISUAL ARTS

 Theseare types of arts that can be

perceived by the sense of sight and
can be projected into 3-dimensional
graphical forms.
LITERATURE
 It came from the Latin word “litterae”, which
means letters.
 It is a form of art about a particular subject or
period of time that greatly affects its audience
through various distributive networks such as
books, comic strips, radio, television, computer,
e-mail, websites, and other types of literary
pieces with various experiences in terms
animated sights, sounds, and colors.
 It can be written or oral.
DRAMA AND THEATER

DRAMA THEATER
 It is an exciting,  A play or other activity or
emotional, or presentation considered
unexpected series of in terms of its dramatic
events or set of quality.
circumstances.
MUSIC

 Thisis a combination of various sounds at

varying pitch in order to produce certain
composition as an expression of the artist’s
feelings and experiences.
DANCE

 It is considered as the “first art cultivated by

man and the origin of all his aesthetic
beauty”.
 It is a form of art wherein people share their
feelings through distinct body movements.
PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
 Arts are moral, educational, social, cultural,
and religious purposes.
 Arts for art’s sake.

 Afford man moments of relaxation.

 Imagination is satisfied.

 Arts is an outlet of our slumbering passion.

 Arts is powerful to reform or change man.

 DIVISIONS OF ARTS
WITH RESPECT TO PURPOSE
WITH RESPECT TO MEDIA AND FORMS
WITH RESPECT TO PURPOSE

 Practical Arts
 Liberal Arts

 Fine Arts

 Major Arts

 Minor Arts
PRACTICAL ARTS

 Arts
that are directed to produce artifacts
and utensils which cope with human
needs.
LIBERAL ARTS

 Intellectual
efforts are considered.
 Examples: AB Courses (Philosophy,
Psychology, Social Sciences, Journalism)
FINE ARTS

 These are products of the human creativity

in so far as they express beauty in different
media like drawing and painting.
MAJOR ARTS

 Theseare characterized by their actual and

potential expressiveness like music, poetry
and sculpture.
MINOR ARTS

 Theseare connected with practical uses

and purposes like interior design,
landscape and porcelain making.
 WITH RESPECT TO
MEDIA AND FORMS

 PlasticArts
 Phonetic Arts

 Kinetic Arts

 Pure Arts

 Mixed Arts
PLASTIC ARTS

 Artsthat are perceived by sense of sight

like painting, sculpture and architecture.
PHONETIC ARTS

 Artsthat are based on sounds and words

like music, poetry, drama and literature.
KINETIC ARTS

 These are rhythmic movement like the

different kinds of dances.
PURE ARTS

 Arts
which only take one medium of
expression as sound in music and color in
painting.
MIXED ARTS

 Arts
which use two or more media like
opera which is a combination of music,
poetry and drama.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
SPACE ARTS
TIME ARTS
SPACE ARTS
2-Dimensional 3-Dimensional
(seen only in one angle) (seen in several angle)

 Painting  Sculpture
 Printing  Architecture
 Photography
 Drawing/Sketching
TIME ARTS

 These are auditory arts.

 Examples: Music, dance or combination of
these two area of arts.
 HIERARCHY OF ARTS
 “Music is the lowest of all arts because it
only gives sensible pleasures.”
- Immanuel Kant
 HIERARCHY OF ARTS
 “Music is the greatest because it is capable of
freeing man from his fears and desires, from
his anger and despair, and from other
passions and anxieties.
- Arthur Schopenhauer
 HIERARCHY OF ARTS
 “Poetry
has the best qualities like immediate
perception, creative imagination,
development of thoughts and events.”
- Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel
 HIERARCHY OF ARTS
 “Thefusion of poetry and music is the
highest art.”- Gottfried Leibnitz
ARTS
 “Art imitates nature. Art imitates life.”
- Plato
 “Art imitates men and nature in action.”
- Aristotle
 “It is life that imitates art.”
- Oscar Wilde
 “It is not reason that enables us to imitate. Art is
not imitation. Art is made from intuition
(immediate sensation and intense feeling).”
- Henri-Louis Bergson
ARTS
 “Art is both imitation and intuition.”
- G.E. Moore
 “Art is a wish fulfillment, an excellent work of
art results from frustration.”
- Sigmund Freud
 “Art is a form of escape, escape from human
negative elements.”
- Jose Ortega Y Gasset
ARTS
 “Art is communication; it infects our
feelings.”
- Leo Tolstoy
 “Art is merely an expression regardless if it is
understood or not.”
- Benedetto Croce
 “Art is rebellion.”

-Albert Camus
ARTS
 “Art is not limited in the gallery and museum.”
- John Dewey
 “When man beautifies himself, he becomes a
human art.”
- Dante Leoncini
 “Art is esoteric. It is mysterious. It is
undefinable. It is transintelligible. It is only
describable.”
-Margarette Macdonald
BEAUTY
WHERE DOES BEAUTY LIE?

 Beauty is objective.
 Beauty is secondary quality that resides in
the perceiver. (John Locke)
 Beauty depends on the appropriate
situational perspective.
 WHY CERTAIN THINGS ARE CALLED
“UGLY”?
 Objects that we see everyday lose their
significance to us.
 Certain things are dangerous to our lives like
snake and other wild beasts.
 Certain conditions in human that are referred
to as ugly become meaningful and beautiful
once painted in a canvass or described in a
novel.
CATEGORIES OF BEAUTIFUL
SUBLIME
NICE
COMIC
SUBLIME

 The enjoyment is aroused by astonishment and

awe.
 Examples:

Looking at the starry heavens

The majesty of mountain ranges
The heroic act of heroes and saints
NICE
 The enjoyment is aroused by sympathy, love,
benevolence, tenderness and modesty.
 Examples:

Children
Flowers
Flower Arrangement
Artifacts
COMIC
 The enjoyment is aroused because it makes us
laugh.
 Examples:

Satire and Irony

Exaggerated things
Repetitious
Ridiculous
Playful
WAYS OF PRESENTING
ART SUBJECTS
REALISM ABSTRACTION
SURREALISM DADAISM
EXPRESSIONISM FAUVISM
FUTURISM IMPRESSIONISM
SYMBOLISM
REALISM

 Object depicted in the way they normally

appear.
 What you see is what you get.
ABSTRACTION
 Elongation- being
lengthened
- It magnifies one
 Shortening- being shortened
phase of reality
 Distortion- creates
without emotional effects
representational  Mangling- showing of
intentions having little subjects that are cut,
or no resemblance to lacerated, mutilated and
natural appearance. hacked
 Cubism- transposed natural
forms into overlapping
transparent planes.
SURREALISM

 “Super-realism”; beneath the real

 It is the combination of realism and distortion.

 It was founded by poet-painter Andre Breton in

1924 in Paris, France.
DADAISM

 “The killing of the arts.”

 Characterized to be “non-sensical”

 Originated by Marcel Duchamp in 1916 in

Zurich, Switzerland.
EXPRESSIONISM

 Theemphasis is on the “inner world’ of

subjective feeling rather than on
descriptions of the outer world.
FAUVISM

 Characterized by the used of extremely

bright colors in order to express joy,
pleasure and comfort.
FUTURISM

 Itattempts to capture the movement and

the dynamism of the modern world.
IMPRESSIONISM

 It is a method in painting with small vibrant

dots of color.
 It gave rise to the later method called
pointillism.
SYMBOLISM

 Ituses something invisible such as an idea

or a quality to represent another thing.
 MEDIUMS OF
THE VISUAL ARTS
PAINTING
SCULPTURE
PAINTING
 The art of creating meaningful effects on a
flat surface by the use of pigments.
MEDIA USED IN PAINTING
Watercolor Fresco
Tempera Pastel
Encaustic Oil
Acrylic Mosaic
Stained Glass Bistre
Crayons Charcoal
Relief
WATERCOLOR
 It is the most common yet
the most difficult medium.
 “Gouache”- an opaque
watercolor.
FRESCO
 It is a painting on a moist
plaster surface with color
ground in water or a
limewater mixture.
TEMPERA
 This are mineral pigments
mixed with egg yolk or egg
white and ore.
PASTEL
 This is a stick of dried paste
made of pigment round
chalk and compounded
with gum water.
ENCAUSTIC
 This is done by painting
with wax colors fixed with
heat.
OIL
 Pigments are mixed with
linseed oil and applied to
the canvas.
 It can be direct or indirect.
ACRYLIC
 It is a synthetic paints that
is mixed with acrylic
emulsion as binder for
coating the surface of the
artwork.
MOSAIC
 It is a picture or decoration
made of small pieces of inlaid
colored stones or glass called
“tesserae”, which most often
are cut into squares and glued
on a surface with a plaster or
cement.
STAINED GLASSES BISTRE
 This is made by combining  It is a brown pigment
many small pieces of extracted from the soot of
colored glass which are wood, and often used in
held together by bands of pen and wash drawings.
lead.
CRAYONS
 These are pigments bound
by wax and compressed
into painted sticks.
CHARCOAL
 These are carbonaceous
materials obtained by
heating wood or other
organic substances in the
absence of oxygen.
RELIEF
 It involves cutting away from
a block of wood or linoleum
the parts of the design that
the artist wants to be seen,
leaving the portion of the
third dimension.
SCULPTURE
 The materials are limitless and each of these
materials presents interesting motivation to
challenge the sculptor’s creativity.
 SCULPTURE PROCESSES:
Subtractive
Additive
 TYPES OF SCULPTURE:
Relief
Free-standing
SUBTRACTIVE ADDITIVE
 The unwanted material is  The construction of a
cut away. figure by putting together
bits of clay or by welding
together parts of metal.

MAJOR SCULPTURE PROCESSES

RELIEF FREE-STANDING
 Figures which are attached  It can be seen from all
to a ground. sides.
 MEDIA:
Stone Jade
Ivory Metals
Plaster Clay
Glass Wood
Terra Cotta

TYPES OF SCULPTURE
STONE JADE
 It is a hard and brittle  It is a fine, colorful stone,
substance formed from usually green and widely
mineral and earth used in Ancient China.
material.

MEDIA USED IN SCULPTURE

IVORY
 Comes from the main
parts of tusks of elephant.
MEDIA USED IN SCULPTURE
METALS
 a solid material that is
typically hard, shiny,
malleable, fusible, and
ductile, with good
electrical and thermal
conductivity.
PLASTER CLAY
 It is a composition of lime,  An earthly material that
sand and water. has the nature of plasticity
when wet.

MEDIA USED IN SCULPTURE

GLASS
 It is a hard, brittle, non-
crystalline, more or less
transparent substances
produced by fusion of
dissolved silica and
silicates, soda and lime.
WOOD
 It is easier to carve than
any other mediums.
 It is hard fibrous material
that forms the main
substance of the trunk or
branches of a tree or
shrub.
TERRA COTTA
 It is the most tender of all
sculptural materials.
 It is unglazed, typically
brownish-red earthenware,
used chiefly as an
ornamental building
material and in modeling

MEDIA USED IN SCULPTURE

 COOL FACTS IN
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
 During his lifetime, artist Vincent Van Gough only sold
one of his paintings, “The Red Vineyard at Arles”.
 Hens can distinguish between all the colors of the
rainbow.
 Leonardo da Vinci was dyslexic and he often wrote
backwards.
 Vincent Van Gogh sliced part of his ear off in madness.
 Blue and white are the most common school colors.
 Leonardo da Vinci never signed or dated his most
famous painting, the “Mona Lisa”.
 COOL FACTS IN
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
 The Sphinx was carved from one piece of stone.
 At the age of 26, Michaelangelo began sculpting his
monumental statue of “David”. He finished it seventeen
months later, in January 1504.
 Roman statues were made with detachable heads so
that one head could be removed and replaced by
another.
 If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both
front legs in the air, the person died in battle; if the
horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a
result of wounds received in the battle; if the horse has
all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural
cause.
 COOL FACTS IN
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
 “Chief Crazy Horse” is the tallest freestanding
sculpture in the world located in South Dakota,
USA.
 French artist Michael Vienkot uses cow dung as
paint when he creates his pictures.
 The “Mona Lisa” has no eyebrows. It was the
fashion in Renaissance Florence to shave them
off.