Computers in Art

By: Warisha Khan and Hassam Butt

What is Art?
Generally
• Art is something we do, a verb.
• It is the communication of intimate
concepts that cannot be faithfully
portrayed by words alone.
• The content that we instill on or in
our chosen media is not in itself
the art. Art is to be found in how
the media is used, the way in
which the content is expressed.
Can computers be
use as a medium for
arts?
Yes
History of Computer Arts
1950’s-1990’s onwards This Photo by
Unknown Author
is licensed under
CC BY-SA

1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s

• Slade School of Computer graphics, Software

Through • Plotter special effect, films packages emerges
oscilloscope first Art, University
ever images of • Impact printer of London
production, inkjet such as
waves generated printer, paint photoshop and
pattern were • computer- software, 3D illustrator.
taken. (oscillon animation and
generated many more…
40) drawings Digital painting
How to generate art through
computers?
It requires both hardware and
software.
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• Wacom Intuos Graphics Tablet
and Pen for painting, drawing,
etc.
• Nikon digital camera for image
capture
• Minolta film scanner for image
capture
• Epson Expression Graphic Arts
Scanner
• Epson 1270 printer for image
proofing
• Epson Stylus Pro 4880 printer for
giclee prints and canvas

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Finally the 3D printer!

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Software 10
Photoshop

Manipulate

Crop

Resize

Color correct This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 • Algorithmic art, also known as algorithm
art, is art, mostly visual art, of which the
design is generated by an algorithm.
Algorithmic Algorithmic artists are sometimes called
algorists.
Art • a process or set of rules to be followed in
calculations or other problem-solving
operations, especially by a computer.
Types of algorithmic
art
Cellular automata

Fractal Art

Genetic Algorithm

And many more…

Neural Algorithm for
Art
• In simple words this algorithm is design to
combine two images in one artwork. One image
acts a content image while other acts as a style
image.

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What is mechanism of this algorithm?

• It uses the convolutional

neural network (CNN).
• It requires content loss
and style loss.
• it requires creating layers
and combing them
together.

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We will be
creating this
image using
CNN.

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Content Image Style image

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Content
Loss

• the content loss function is defined as the mean squared

error between the feature representations of content
image and generated image, respectively, at a given layer.
Basically this function is also use in linear regression.
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Style
Loss
Gram Matrix

The Gram matrix encodes the correlation between

different features, not the presence of specific features.
So we minimize the difference between the feature
distributions. The distribution of colors in the generated
image more closely matches the style reference, as
opposed to the content reference. This generate another
layer. 19
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

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Finally how many
layers?
There is ratio of content
layer/style layer. It also
known as weighing
coefficient. Layering will
be done until the desire
quality of artwork is
achieved.

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We require weighing coefficient of 1x10-3.
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Thank you!
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