Here are the key matches between the geography terms and their literary counterparts in King's speech:
1. island - a. of poverty
2. ocean - b. of racial justice
5. quick sands - d. of prosperity
6. rock - f. justice
7. waters - g. of brotherhood
8. a mighty stream - h. of freedom and justice
9. an oasis - i. righteousness
10. mountain - j. of segregation and later, or despair
Here are the key matches between the geography terms and their literary counterparts in King's speech:
1. island - a. of poverty
2. ocean - b. of racial justice
5. quick sands - d. of prosperity
6. rock - f. justice
7. waters - g. of brotherhood
8. a mighty stream - h. of freedom and justice
9. an oasis - i. righteousness
10. mountain - j. of segregation and later, or despair
Here are the key matches between the geography terms and their literary counterparts in King's speech:
1. island - a. of poverty
2. ocean - b. of racial justice
5. quick sands - d. of prosperity
6. rock - f. justice
7. waters - g. of brotherhood
8. a mighty stream - h. of freedom and justice
9. an oasis - i. righteousness
10. mountain - j. of segregation and later, or despair
Who is Martin Luther King? Who is Martin Luther King? Social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968 Head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which promoted non-violent tactics to achieve civil rights. Nobel Peace Prize awardee - 1964 Background Emancipation Proclamation -the order that declared all slaves free, issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. -It was an important turning point in the Civil War, transforming the fight to preserve the nation into a battle for human freedom. Background Jim Crow laws - State and local laws that supported racial segregation and discrimination against black people in the U.S. South, until they were finally abolished in 1965
- “Jim Crow” – another name for “negro”
Background Jim Crow laws examples: Physical segregation of public schools, public parks and beaches, and public transportation Drinking fountains, restrooms, and restaurants were segregated, requiring “blacks” to use separate facilities. Prohibition against Interracial Marriage Background Southern Christian Leadership Conference • This was the organization that Martin Luther King, Jr. led during the '60s Civil Rights Movement. The group consisted of political activists as well as religious leaders and clergy members. For MLK, Christianity was intertwined with the dream of progress. Background Negro • In the 1960s, this was a common term used to refer to African Americans. Both African Americans and whites used the word in public and print, and "I Have a Dream" uses it frequently. Background Non-Violence • Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy of protest. Some other African American leaders, like Malcolm X, considered violence to be an option, in order to achieve the goals of African Americans. King admired Gandhi, an Indian revolutionary leader who advocated non-violence. Background Civil Disobedience • Another method of protest. Basically, this means refusing to follow an unjust law (King argued that an unjust law was not a legitimate law). • King went to jail when he led protests in Birmingham in spite of a judge's order against protesting. "Sit-ins" are another example. For this protest, African Americans would show up in places they weren't "supposed" to be, and sit there, non-violently chilling until people took notice. Background Spiritual • In this context, this word refers to a religious song or hymnal. In the tradition of African American Baptist churches, singing spiritual is a big part of the service. Background Police Brutality • Race-motivated persecution of African Americans by law enforcement. In Birmingham, Alabama in 1963, police attacked peaceful protesters with dogs and high-pressure water hoses. Yeah. Background Ghetto • A neighborhood within a larger city or town, cordoned off by race. The idea of a ghetto is especially associated with persistent poverty and social problems. The term was also used to refer to Jewish relocation leading up to the Holocaust; the comparison with African Americans in America was a powerful one. Background CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT • The civil rights movement was a struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial discrimination. • The Birth of the Civil Rights Movement • On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus to a white man. News of Parks's arrest quickly spread through the African American community. Parks had worked as a secretary for the local branch of the national association for the advancement of colored people. Because she was a well-respected and dignified figure in the community, her arrest was finally enough to persuade African Americans that they could no longer tolerate racially discriminatory laws. March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom Background March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom • Political demonstration held in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963 by civil rights leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress THE SPEECH Guide Questions • 1. Who was King referring to as “a great American?” • 2. According to King, the founders who signed the Constitution wrote African Americans “a bad check.” What does he mean? • 3. What is King’s philosophy of protest? • 4. What attitude does King urge African Americans to take toward white people? • 5. What is King’s big dream for America? Geog-rature Chart 1. island a. of poverty 2. ocean b. of racial justice 3. valley c. despair 4. sunlit path d. of prosperity 5. quick sands e. of racial injustice 6. rock f. justice 7. waters g. of brotherhood 8. a mighty stream h. of freedom and justice 9. an oasis i. righteousness 10. mountain j. of segregation and later, or despair