Chemistry

Ms. Doati
Mrs. Gallardo, Principal
Bronxwood Preparatory Academy
October
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Do Now:

What do you see?

What do you think is

going on?

What do you wonder about?

Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Dalton’s Atomic Theory

proposed that all matter was

composed of atoms, indivisible
and indestructible building
blocks. While all atoms of an
element were identical,
different elements had atoms
of differing size and mass.
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Thomson's Electron Theory

discovered the electron by

experimenting with a Crookes, or
cathode ray, tube. He demonstrated
that cathode rays were negatively
charged.Thomson realized that the
accepted model of an atom did not
account for negatively or
positively charged particles.
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Rutherford‘s nucleus theory

overturned Thomson's model in 1911

with his well-known gold foil
experiment in which he demonstrated
that the atom has a tiny and heavy
nucleus. Rutherford designed an
experiment to use the alpha
particles emitted by a radioactive
element as probes to the unseen
world of atomic structure.
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Bohr (planetary model of
atom)

is a planetary model in
which the negatively-
charged electrons orbit a
small, positively-charged
nucleus similar to the
planets orbiting the Sun
(except that the orbits are
not planar)
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Modern atomic theory

is a scientific theory of the

nature of matter, which states that
matter is composed of discrete
units called atoms
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Check for Understanding

DOK#1: What is the difference between each of the atomic
models?

DOK#2: How do each of the models contribute to each other?

DOK#3: Predict what would happen if science did not progress

and atoms were still viewed at from the 1st model
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Placemat on each of the different atomic models

Explain in your own words

Exit Slip
Don‘t Know

Unsure about __________

Fully Understand
How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Do Now:

Draw an atom and label the proton, neutron, and electron

Turn and Talk

Class Share Out

How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Protons-a stable subatomic particle
occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a
positive electric charge equal in
magnitude to that of an electron, but of
opposite sign.

Neutrons-a subatomic particle of about

the same mass as a proton but without an
electric charge, present in all atomic
nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

Electrons-a stable subatomic particle

with a charge of negative electricity,
found in all atoms and acting as the
primary carrier of electricity in solids.
How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Proton= The Atomic Number

Neutron= Mass Number -Atomic

Number

Electron= Same as Proton

How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

DOK#1: What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?

DOK#2: What makes up the nucleus of an atom? Why?

DOK#3: How does this new information relate to the atomic

theory?

DOK#4: Predict what would happen if there were more neutrons

in an atom?
How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Activity:

Make a model of your assigned Periodic Table Element

Be sure Label the Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Do Now: Draw a model of an atom

Turn and Talk

Class share out

Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Unit 2 Project: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Instructions:

1. Choose an element from the periodic table

2. Calculate the number of Neutrons (Mass Number - atomic
number (protons))
3. Color code the protons, neutrons, and electrons using the
beads
4. Create a 3D model of an atom (Be sure to put protons and
neutrons in the center and the electrons on the outside)
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Step 1: What is the atomic
number?

Step 2: What is the mass

Number?

Step 3: What is the formula

for finding the number of
neutrons?

Step 4: Solve for the

number of neutrons
Aim: How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and
atomic level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?

Check for understanding:

DOK#1: How can we find the number of neutrons in an atom?

DOK#2: What are the steps for the project?

DOK#3: Why is it important to create models of atoms?

 How can scientist use models to prove what happens at the molecular and atomic
level, if we can’t see the atoms and molecules themselves?
Exit Slip:

Stoplight

Red (Unsure about…)

Yellow (Question you have)

Green (I know…)
Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients?

Do Now:

How do we talk about the

“heaviness” of a liquid?

Turn and Talk

Class Share Out

Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients?

Laws of conservation of
mass-states that mass in an
isolated system is neither
created nor destroyed by
chemical reactions or
physical transformations
Vinegar and Baking Soda Lab formula
MATTER IS NEITHER CREATED
NOR DESTROYED
Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients?
Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients?
Check for Understanding:

DOK#1: What is the law of the conservation of mass?

DOK#2: What is an example of the law of the conservation of

mass?

DOK#3: Why is it important to know the law of the

conservation of matter when analyzing chemical reactions?

DOK#4: Predict what would happen if a chemical equation was

not balanced
Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients?
Lab on the conservation of mass Instructions:

1. Work in pairs
2. Read the procedure (start with part one the open
procedure)
3. One person, take all the materials needed from the table
in the front (beaker, 1 tablespoon of baking soda and 20
mL of vinegar)
4. Make sure you record the mass on the lab before starting
the second experiment (1 person record and 1 person
measure)
Aim: How can we test out the law of the conservation of mass using household
ingredients
Exit Slip

Stoplight

Green ( I know…)

Yellow (Question)

Red (Unsure about…)

How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
Mass?
Do Now:

What is the chemical reaction that we are testing in the

experiment?

Turn and Talk

Class Share Out

How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
Mass?
How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
Mass?
Check for Understanding

DOK#1: What is happening to the bonds in the vinegar and the

bonds in the baking soda?

DOK#2: Is this reaction a chemical reaction or a physical

reaction? Why?

DOK#3: How does this lab prove the law of the conservation of
matter?
How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
Mass?
Activity:

Complete the Lab from yesterday

Elephant Toothpaste
How can we test out the Law of the Conservation of
Mass?
Exit Slip

Stoplight

Green (I know…)

Yellow (Questions)

Red (Unsure about…)

How can we explain the idea of multiple Proportions and Constant composition,
How can we apply that to elements?
Do Now :

What do you see?

What do you think is

going on?

What does it make you

wonder?

Turn and Talk

Class Share Out

How can we explain the idea of multiple Proportions and Constant composition,
How can we apply that to elements?
Constant Composition-states that a
given chemical compound always
contains its component elements in
fixed ratio (by mass) and does not
depend on its source and method of
preparation.

Multiple Proportions-statement that

when two elements combine with each
other to form more than one
compound, the weights of one
element that combine with a fixed
weight of the other are in a ratio
of small whole numbers.
Check for Understanding
DOK#1: What is the difference between multiple proportions
and constant composition?

DOK#2: How can multiple proportions and constant composition

be applied to elements?
Activity
Write out the differences between the law of multiple
proportions and the constant composition

Peer Review

In your group come up with one example of each

Exit Slip
Don‘t Know

Unsure about __________

Fully Understand
Level Up
Try your best

Extra credit if you finish all the questions