Systems Design,

Implementation, and Operation

Chapter 22

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 Learning Objectives
• Discuss the conceptual systems design process and
the activities in this phase.

• Discuss the physical systems design process and the

activities in this phase.

• Discuss the systems implementation and conversion

process and the activities in this phase.

• Discuss the systems operation and maintenance

process and the activities in this phase.
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 Phase 2: Conceptual Systems Design

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 Phase 3: Physical Systems Design

• Output design (e.g., reports)

• File and database design
• Input design (e.g., forms, computer screen
input)
• Program design
• Procedures design
• Control design

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 Program Design
• Determine user needs
• Create and document development plan
• Write the computer code
• Test the program
• Document the program
• Train users
• Install the system (including components and
hardware)
• Use and modify the system
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 Phase 4: Systems Implementation

• Implementation plan
• Select and train personnel
• Complete documentation
▫ Development documentation
▫ Operations documentation
▫ User documentation
• Testing the system
• Conversion

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 Testing the System

• Walk-throughs
▫ Step by step review
• Processing test data
▫ Test all valid transactions and error conditions
• Acceptance tests
▫ Use copies of real data

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 Conversion Approaches
• Direct conversion
▫ Terminates the old and begins with the new system
• Parallel conversion
▫ Operate old and new systems for a period of time
• Phase-in conversion
▫ Gradual replacement of old elements with new system
elements
• Pilot conversion
▫ Implement a system in a part of an organization (e.g.,
a branch)
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 Phase 5: Operations and Maintenance

• Conduct post-implementation review

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 Key Terms
• Conceptual design
specifications
• Conceptual systems design
report
• Scheduled report
• Special-purpose analysis
report
• Triggered exception report
• Demand report
• Structured programming
• Debugging
• Program maintenance
• Physical systems design report
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• Systems implementation
• Implementation plan
• Walk-through
• Processing test data
• Acceptance test
• Conversion
• Direct conversion
• Parallel conversion
• Phase-in conversion
• Pilot conversion
• Post-implementation review
• Post-implementation review
report
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